PROCESS FOR THE OPERATION OF A PRESS AND PRESS WITH LOWER DRIVE UNIT

专利摘要:
process for operating a press and press with lower drive unit. the present invention relates to an energy efficient drive of a press (1) with a lower drive unit, and a process and a press are proposed, in which a drive unit (2) arranged in a substructure (3) is provided , a pusher unit (1.1) which executes a stroke (h) and which receives a tool upper part (1.2), with at least one coupling draw bar (2.1.2) from a drive rod (2.1), and a workpiece is processed or deformed in an upper part of the tool (1.2) which corresponds to a lower part of the tool (3.2) arranged in the substructure (3). the drive unit (2) is operated by at least one motor (2.1.1) and through a control and regulation unit (4) that connects the motor (2.1.1) and the drive rod (2.1). each drive rod (2.1) can be operated by its own motor (2.1.1). when using a drawing device with a support (3.3.1), it is operated in a coupled or uncoupled manner, when changing and during at least a part of the path of the respective travel (h), by the drive rod (2.1 ) by maintaining a free space (3.3.2) in the form of a box provided for in the substructure (3), by means of a rotating or translational operating connection that can be undone.
公开号:BR112013026246B1
申请号:R112013026246-0
申请日:2012-04-10
公开日:2021-04-06
发明作者:Thomas Spiesshofer；Gebhardt Engler；Markus Müller
申请人:Schuler Pressen Gmbh；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0001] [001] The present invention relates to a process for operating a press with a lower drive unit, as well as a press operated by it, which comprises at least one drive unit that generates force and is arranged in a substructure and is connected with at least one drive rod; at least one pusher unit that executes a short, transmits the force and receives at least one upper part of the tool; at least one drawbar, which engages the drive unit, for transmitting the drive to the travel of the drive unit, and at least one lower part of the tool arranged on the substructure, preferably a table, and associated with the drive unit and the corresponding upper part of the tool, between the lower part of the tool and the upper part of the tool, a workpiece or material is processed and deformed.
[0002] [002] In the sense of the invention, the press should be used for the molding or forging of workpieces, compaction or stamping and also for cutting materials of any type, as well as transfer press and for ordering in lines presses. State of the art Technician
[0003] [003] A genre of presses defined at the beginning is known from a comprehensive view of the state of the art.
[0004] [004] The state of the art teaches, in general, that generally the impeller unit is driven by a combination of draw bars - also in combination with a draw rod - of a compact drive unit in a substructure of the press.
[0005] [005] It is known from the specialized teaching literature that presses with a lower drive unit are designed, for the most part, as presses with a small nominal force and a high number of strokes, and, to a lesser extent, for so-called presses big ones.
[0006] [006] In the case of molding presses of this type, this is justified by the fact that due to the large space arrangement of the lower drive unit, there is little space on the table for drawing devices, such as cushions and, eventually, for the disposal of cutting waste or for the disposal of ejectors, as well as access during maintenance and repair services.
[0007] [007] However, in the case of large presses, the known installation of units such as cushions and, eventually, ejectors, had to be moved to the impeller unit, because this is technologically disadvantageous especially in the case of the arrangement of large presses in rows transfer or in the case of forms of execution with individual pusher units.
[0008] [008] Generally, also in the case of large presses, the drawbars / draw rods are arranged and guided on pillars - at least above the substructure -, which are connected with a crosspiece that is located above the pillars and that forms the drive unit, and are designed almost as a press frame for the outgoing forces (forces of action and forces of reaction).
[0009] [009] Due to the advantages obtained and manifested in the specialized world of presses with an upper drive unit, presses with a lower drive unit, especially large presses, have entered a certain forgetfulness. Despite this, it is necessary to look for economical solutions to develop presses with a lower drive unit - also as large presses -, although without having to accept the disadvantages identifiable in the examples that follow.
[0010] [0010] The analysis of the forms of execution of presses with lower drive unit that serve as an example and that are known as individual solutions reveals the disadvantages below, which until now substantially made it difficult to configure presses with lower drive unit in the form of large presses:
[0011] [0011] AT 215 257 B: the steering wheel that protrudes outwards requires a large reconstructed space. The expensive lever kinematics renders any impact damping necessary, which, if necessary, could only be compensated with a high investment in material. The forced transmission of the eccentric forces mentioned above is inefficient due to the lever kinematics that reacts smoothly. The relatively many moving machine elements generate only small relative movements for an efficient travel of the impeller unit, when high pressure forces must be transmitted.
[0012] [0012] DE 25 07 098 A1: this press requires a large rebuilt space, due to the large components. The lever kinematics is disadvantageously arranged partially in the substructure and partially in the upper column structure, in such a way that the upper column structure becomes an essential component of the press that absorbs forces. An arrangement of this press in the configuration of modern transfer presses is not possible without additional contour paths, such as the so-called T-shaped block contour.
[0013] [0013] DE 29 12 927 A1: due to the drive and lever kinematics, this arrangement and this way of operating leave no room for the removal of residues resulting from processing, such as, for example, cuts. In modern press construction, however, waste removal logistics, especially transfer presses or press lines, play an important role in order to avoid technologically undesirable times.
[0014] [0014] DD 119 014 A5: the structural height and the costly guides do not allow a line arrangement of the aforementioned transfer presses or press lines.
[0015] - segundo a EP 1 038 658 A2, desenvolvem ainda mais a cinemática de alavancada unidade de acionamento ou - segundo o JP 20001150198 A, representam uma combinação de biela/alavanca ou - segundo o DE 10 2009 055 739 A1 configuram a unidade de acionamento quanto ao acoplamento da unidade impulsora com as bielas, sem poder transmitir, em sua visão geral, aos especialistas um ensinamento para funções aperfeiçoadas na evolução de força e de trajeto da unidade impulsora e de seu curso em ligação com uma unidade de almofada de estiramento.[0015] The further development of presses with lower drive unit presents more or less improvements in details, which, such as, for example: - according to EP 1 038 658 A2, they further develop the leveraged drive unit kinematics or - according to JP 20001150198 A, they represent a connecting rod / lever combination or - according to DE 10 2009 055 739 A1, configure the drive unit as to the coupling of the impeller unit with the connecting rods, without being able to transmit, in its general view, to the specialists a teaching for improved functions in the evolution of force and path of the driving unit and its course in connection with a stretching cushion unit.
[0016] [0016] However, in order to improve the presses with a lower drive unit, in the sense that they guarantee an optimized evolution of forces and paths of the driving unit and its stroke and can act differently according to the processing requirements and may also cover a wider range of action, it has been proposed, according to an internal state of the art document, that, through a control and regulation unit, the values from the operating states be admitted to the press system when processing the workpiece and are evaluated as data corresponding to a function and are used to move the drive unit. With this, the press can be operated in a controlled or regulated manner, according to a force system required for the workpiece.
[0017] [0017] In addition, it should be noted that the construction of presses with a lower drive unit is hampered by reasons of space in the substructure, in the case of the usual additional units, which support the molding process, such as the drawing devices with the pads stretch marks mentioned above.
[0018] [0018] In the case of the usual presses with a top drive unit, which generally have a closed basic frame, in which the pusher unit is driven and a relatively expensive support is housed, the drive unit for a stretch cushion and it finds get housed without problems.
[0019] [0019] Hence, the problem is recognized that in presses with a lower drive unit, both the aforementioned logistics of removing cut residues that fall during the molding process, but also, mainly, the inclusion of the necessary function of a device stretching with stretch pads have to be resolved in a particular way.
[0020] [0020] Current press solutions with stretching devices and stretching pads to support the stretching stage can be followed here at least regardless of the arrangement of the presses as presses with an upper drive unit or presses with a lower drive unit.
[0021] [0021] In considering an abandonment to be verified from the development of presses with lower drive unit, used as large presses, it is possible to start from the fact that the solutions made known of stretching devices with stretch pads were dedicated to presses with unit with superior drive, considering the advantages of the superior drive unit valid in the specialized world.
[0022] [0022] In this sense, a study of stretching devices with stretch pads disclosed in patent documents, shows the following result:
[0023] [0023] DE 4028921 A1: this stretching device indicating the direction was known as so-called "energy saving pads", reduced energy losses and produced an uncoupling of a pneumatic cylinder, designed for lifting the stretching pad with retainer sheet metal, and several piston-cylinder units, through the combination of a piston-cylinder unit, connected with the press table of the drawing device, for lifting the plate retainer to a higher position, with simultaneous support of the cushion stretch. The mechanical effort required for this does not allow, without further examination, an evident transmission of this kinematics to the spatial situation of a desired large press with a lower drive unit, because there the cylinders and the stretch pad must have the same path as the stroke. drive unit. This requires a large structural space and corresponding hydraulic powers.
[0024] [0024] Despite the realization of an advantageous closed force flow between the press drive unit and the stretch pads, with which the total press force corresponds only to the molding force, the functional and energetic advantage of this solution is reduced, however, due to extensive technical and constructive expenditures.
[0025] [0025] EP 1 082 185 B1: in the case of this deep-drawing press, the stretch cushion receives its own motor drive intermediated by spindles, a drive which, however, in the case of presses with a lower drive unit, does not admit any energy-saving layout. When using this stretch cushion in the subsoil machine, in this case the spindle length would have to correspond to the stroke of the impeller unit, which would lead to a more expensive and constructively expensive solution. In addition, due to the electric drive, the expenditure of energy power would be disproportionately high.
[0026] [0026] DE 10 2004 030 678 A1 / DE 10 2005 012 876 A1 / DE 10 2005 026 818 B4: for the reduction of expenditure on electrical control and regulation, these more developed solutions must achieve a desired energy effect, although not can be applied to large presses with the advantages to be taken from the lower drive unit. In this solution, forces and movements are carried out through different components. Likewise, in this case, the entire course of the driving unit would also have to be reproduced.
[0027] [0027] DE 10 2005 012 876 A1: a process and a device are proposed for the control and regulation of servoelectric stretching pads in presses, where, by means of a control and regulation unit, as well as by means of a smaller number of steps in the evolution of control / regulation, a stable and precise evolution is made possible, on the one hand, in the stretching process phase regulated by force and, on the other hand, in all phases of the movement of the cushion regulated by the position.
[0028] [0028] This process and the device, by means of servoelectric drives on stretching pads, make these can be used, on the one hand, as the stretching pads that act on the lower tool on the table and, on the other hand, such as the stretch pads acting on the upper tool in the drive unit. Stretch pads can be designed as one-point or many-point stretch pads.
[0029] [0029] For the control and regulation of the stretching cushion, the principle of electronic regulation of eccentric disc controlled by conductive axes is combined with the regulation of force in such a way that all phases of movement of the stretching cushion, which develop without mechanical contact in relation to the press drive unit, are controlled by means of eccentric electronic positioning discs, while the movements are developed with contact in relation to the press drive unit through a force regulation, with a theoretical value profile of force that is controlled depending on the path.
[0030] [0030] In this case, an advantage has already been obtained as to the synchronicity of the movement of the stretching cushion in relation to the movement of the impeller unit, which can also be preserved in the case of changes in speed and emergency stops of the movement of the impeller unit, without the need for special control functions.
[0031] [0031] However, switching between position regulation and force regulation with the technical means of control according to the invention, by means of a limit switch, on the one hand, and by determining the evolution of the eccentric positioning disk in relation to the position of the pusher unit, on the other hand, it requires special mechanisms, such as, for example, eccentric discs above the position of the pusher unit, to, for example, force the position of the cushion through movement of the pusher unit of the press .
[0032] [0032] In this case, due to a dynamic force limitation, a sensitive point is to achieve a switch to force regulation, although better conditions must be created for a precise and reproducible evolution of the stretching process.
[0033] [0033] An essential disadvantage of this technical solution is that it is an open system. This means that the force of the drawing pad is opposed to the force of the drawing unit and, therefore, the total driving force of the drawing unit is the sum of the forces that are necessary for molding the part, plus the drawing pad force that acts against the force of the driving unit.
[0034] [0034] The process steps disclosed in this solution, which take place both in parallel and also sequentially, act, in fact, advantageously on the operation of the machine, but have no influence on the basic construction of the machine and, therefore, on the flow of strength.
[0035] [0035] Based on this, the objective that serves as the basis for the invention aims to find a solution, especially regarding the flow of force and, therefore, regarding the general structure of the machine, in such a way that the cushion force occurs within a closed force flow between the cushion and the impeller unit and, consequently, it is not necessary to increase the total pressure force by the cushion force, but the total pressure force corresponds only to the molding force.
[0036] [0036] DE 10 2005 026 818 B4: in this case, a stretching cushion device must be improved in such a way that with a reduction of the expenditure on control and regulation, the regulation behavior can be improved, and with a form of construction as compact as possible, it is possible to enable a variable distribution of force in the plate retainer.
[0037] [0037] The essence of the invention is to regulate the pressure impact on the plate retainer with at least one linear and / or rotary direct drive unit, and a stretch pad device with NC drive units consists of employing, for each pressure point of a plate retainer, an electric drive unit respectively independent of adjacent pressure points, and the electric drive units are controllable electronically asynchronously between them or synchronously, by means of position and / or position regulation. force and are connected to the drive units for the main movement of the driving unit and / or for the secondary movements of workpiece transport elements, on the one hand, through a guide axis which can be used at least sequentially and, on the other hand, on the other hand, through energy storage and / or energy exchange modules. In this case, especially with regard to multi-point stretch cushion devices, many configurations are possible, with all electric drive units being able to be jointly regulated in terms of strength and position or only part of the electric drive units. with regulated force it can be additionally regulated for position or at least one additional electric drive unit can be regulated for position.
[0038] [0038] As electric drive units, regulated in terms of strength and position, direct linear or rotary direct drive units can be used, on the one hand, and servo motors with linear converters arranged below. As linear direct drive units, linear motors are provided in the internal or external region of the pressure face.
[0039] [0039] Advantageously it has already been resolved that the secondary part belonging to the linear motor is fixed to the pressure face, to which, depending on the need for force, one or more primary parts supported on the press table are opposed.
[0040] [0040] In addition, the linear motor located externally makes it possible, when using pressure faces of several parts, to use the primary and secondary parts in common by means of stretching pad devices.
[0041] [0041] Due to the direct conversion of energy into a linear function of force and path, it is possible to do without expensive mechanical transmissions that produce high moments of inertia, making it possible for high side powers to be possible due to the reduced moments of inertia. drive output. With this, the plate retainer can be controlled by means of a combination of at least one linear direct drive unit and at least one linear converter operatively connected with an electric drive unit.
[0042] [0042] Due to the electric drive units, therefore, there is a good regulation of force and position in the plate retainer, which, in connection with the movement of the impeller unit, makes it possible to stretch the mold parts according to the press stroke.
[0043] [0043] With the possibility of controlling the individual electric drive unit in the stretching phase with the purpose of applying a force independently of the adjacent electric drive units, it is possible to adjust variable pressures between them in the respective areas of the plate retainer, among others, it is possible to re-store the energy obtained during the stretching phase in the braked mode of the electric drive unit.
[0044] [0044] Including the consideration of the objective of a rational application of energy during the operation of the press, in the aforementioned technological stages of the drawing, by means of an energy efficient drive kinematics, as well as in technological stages, for example, of removal of processing residues, the presses of this type can be further improved, to be built as large presses, - also during the transfer operation - with regard to energy performance data and compact construction, as to take even more into account the script proposed here for the control of the stretching device, which until now reproduces or follows the complete course of the driving unit.
[0045] [0045] This solution is also based on an open force flow system, in which case the total pressure force is composed of the molding force plus the stretching cushion force acting in the opposite direction. Although it is also possible, energetically, to partially recover the energy used, it would nevertheless be necessary to dimension a machine of this type more strongly with regard to forces.
[0046] [0046] The technical solutions and physical action principles also proposed there are subordinate only to the objective, to expose similar deviations of the components used, which refer to the construction of the machine.
[0047] [0047] Approaches to solutions in relation to modified force flows, which could contribute inventively, are not mentioned.
[0048] [0048] DE 10 2006 058 630 A1: the e-hydraulic stretch pad drive unit proposed here serves for energy recovery in the stretching process, although it requires its own drive unit, whose housing in presses with drive unit bottom is disadvantageous. In this solution too, the stroke of the drive unit in the stretch cushion has to be reproduced. The disadvantage in this solution is, moreover, that it is necessary to operate a high hydraulic expenditure, as well as to integrate the corresponding electrical power in the form of an electric motor, respectively generator and converter, which leads to an expensive solution.
[0049] [0049] DE 10 2007 058 152 A1: here, for the sake of simple protection against load, the stretch cushion unit with hybrid drive, in addition to the first drive unit, a second electric drive unit is also used, whose intended solution to avoid malfunction in presses with lower drive unit would only be costly to do. As has already been criticized, in this solution, the stretching device has to reproduce the complete stroke of the driving unit.
[0050] [0050] Taken together, the examined solutions of stretching devices with stretch pads do indeed allow recognition of their useful application in presses with a higher drive unit, but due to the kinematics that demand a lot of space, they cannot be used without other considerations along with the energy advantages in presses with lower drive unit.
[0051] [0051] Therefore, the stretching process has to be recapitulated once again by itself, in order to be able to successfully use the stretching devices with stretching pads also in presses with lower drive unit.
[0052] [0052] Since the workpiece, placed on a support, is molded as a stretch piece between a lower tool and the corresponding upper tool that acts correspondingly, an opposing force must act against the force of the driving unit, which moves down through the aforementioned stretch pad. The force of the impeller unit acting from above on the support is able to store part of the energy in a work instrument that generates the opposite force - such as, for example, a piston-cylinder unit. After the stretching process, this energy stored during the lifting of the pusher unit acts as a readjusting force and can discharge the drive of the pusher unit.
[0053] [0053] Depending on how the stretch cushion is lifted again from its lower position, and, in fact, through any type of separate or coupled drive units, more or less energy is lost or can be used.
[0054] [0054] The specialized world has already tried to couple the movement of the impeller unit with a crosspiece connected to the support by means of draw bars, in presses with an upper drive unit (see DE 4028921 A1), to recover the energy stored with the unit impeller lowering. In this case, this solution route also requires a high mechanical expense, at least spatially, when not including complex control systems, if it is intended to take this solution to presses with a lower drive unit.
[0055] [0055] As a quintessence of the state of the art analyzed, it is worth noting that the specialized world, with regard to further development, was guided exclusively by underground machinery technique or by stretching cushion technique, linked to corresponding systems of control and regulation.
[0056] [0056] Clearly, a search for a closed flow of forces was not pursued in a complex sense, probably due to the (apparent) overriding disadvantages that oppose an arrangement of the drawing devices mentioned in presses with a lower drive unit. Exhibition of the Essence of the Invention objective
[0057] [0057] The invention aims to create a process for the operation of a press with lower drive unit and a press of the kind exposed at the beginning, in which the substructure and the lower drive unit must be designed in such a way as to result in a functional, technologically useful zone - also, for example, in technological stages of stretching with a stretching device and energy efficient drive kinematics, as well as, for example, in technological stages of removal of processing waste -, in such a way that the press to be designed as a large press can be compactly realized both as a transfer press and also in transfer lines with optimized energy efficiency data and can be operated economically.
[0058] [0058] In this case, the process and the press must be designed in such a way that when using a drawing device, the stroke of the impeller unit and the drawing device can be operated together or even separately and it is possible to carry out an evolution of energetically advantageous and closed forces.
[0059] [0059] The new technical solution to be developed in this way must combine the functional and energetic advantages of a closed flow of forces with modern regulation and control devices, and accomplish this with a relatively small constructive expenditure.
[0060] [0060] With this, the new solution must again reveal the potential of the constructive properties of a press with subsoil drive unit, in order to be able to concretize in a complex way an intended closed flow of forces. Solution
[0061] - uma unidade de acionamento disposta em uma subestrutura; - pelo menos uma unidade impulsora que aloja uma parte superior de ferramenta e que executa um curso, com pelo menos uma barra de tração de engate de um tirante de acionamento; - e pelo menos uma parte superior de ferramenta que mantém correspondência com pelo menos uma parte inferior de ferramenta disposta na subestrutura, [0061] The process starts, in general, from a press, in which, by means of - a drive unit arranged on a substructure; - at least one impeller unit which houses a tool upper part and which runs a stroke, with at least one drawbar coupling of a drive rod; - and at least one upper tool part that corresponds with at least one lower tool part arranged on the substructure,
[0062] [0062] a workpiece is processed and deformed and the drive unit is driven by at least one motor, and the stroke of a drawing device is operated coupled or decoupled with the complete stroke of the drive unit, the stroke of the drive unit and the drawing device are always operated in a closed flow of force.
[0063] [0063] At least one drive rod is operated through a control and regulation unit that connects at least one motor. Preferably, in the case, for example, of two or more drive rods, each drive rod is operated by its own motor and is operated by maintaining a free space in the form of a well that is provided for in the substructure. This free space can be used at least as a disposal box for processing waste. In addition, the drive rods of a drawing device must be operated in such a way that its path is not reproduced or is not followed by the stroke of the pusher unit, and the stroke of the pusher unit and the pulling device can be operated without only jointly in a forced way, but also separately.
[0064] [0064] This aforementioned free space thus opens a special variant of a process in accordance with the present objective, when the use of a drawing device is mandatorily provided with a support for the workpiece.
[0065] [0065] According to the analysis of the state of the art, it should be noted that, until now, there was practically no free space in the substructure - be it a functional condition for a drain box or for a drawing device -, because the forms of execution so far of drive unit and drive rods - as outlined above as a disadvantage - do not make this possible.
[0066] [0066] Therefore, when the process according to the invention starts from the use of a drawing device with a support for the workpiece, it becomes possible to operate the evolution of the movement of the drawing device in that free space in the substructure. As a result, each drive rod for the drawing device can also be operated coupled or uncoupled by means of a rotating or translational operating connection that can be undone by changing the respective stroke.
[0067] [0067] Characteristic of the process is the fact that the stretching device is operated by not reproducing or not following the path of the complete stroke of the impeller unit.
[0068] [0068] In this case, according to the analysis of the state of the art, it should be noted that the current operating connections between any drive rod and any drawing device have always necessarily followed the course of the driving unit.
[0069] [0069] Therefore, in the sense of the objective of the invention, operative rotating or translational connections are created that can be undone, which are operated coupled and / or uncoupled when changing the respective course. Operative rotating connections are understood to be those that are coupled and / or uncoupled by rotating elements that act by shape adjustment, by friction (possibly with sliding) and / or by force. Alternative operating connections are those that are coupled and / or decoupled through elements that transmit linear movements and act by shape adjustment, friction and / or force. By elements that act by friction are also understood as those that materialize a force through a gradually sliding / slippery transition until a complete transition from one element to another. In rotary operating connections, this can be transmitted by friction couplings and in operational translation connections this can be transmitted by brake shoe elements until the respective mechanical locking.
[0070] [0070] The solutions developed therein according to the invention also support hybrid operating connections, that is, rotational and translational operating connections, to achieve the objective.
[0071] [0071] Basically, it becomes possible that during at least one partial path of the stroke downwards, the drive rod is operated coupled to the drawing device and during at least one partial path of the stroke upwards, the drive rod is operated decoupled from the drawing device, in which case the drawing device can be operated by not reproducing or not following the full stroke path of the drive unit, which further enhances the invention.
[0072] [0072] This teaching according to the invention already shows the surprising advantage in relation to the state of the art that hitherto indicated the path, but which is already outdated, according to DE 4028921 A1, in the sense that there the stretching device has that it is mandatory to follow the course of the drive of the driving unit, which requires at least a large construction space and corresponding hydraulic powers and, in addition, it is energetically disadvantageous.
[0073] [0073] The process varies the position of one of the elements of the drawing device, designed as a support unit with an intermediate plane or a pressure face or an intermediate plane and a pressure face or just a pressure face, through at least at least a first force generating means, in such a way that the operating connection is closed and undone in the change, by shape adjustment, by friction and / or by force.
[0074] [0074] Alternatively, the process must also admit that the position of the mentioned support unit cannot vary in relation to the support.
[0075] [0075] The process can also be carried out as the operating connection is closed or broken, depending on at least one of the values or gradients, the molding forces to be transmitted and paths, one of the positions of the work stages of the molding, drive elements, drive unit positions, bracket, support unit or a speed.
[0076] - a unidade impulsora, operada para baixo desde, ou antes, ou após um ponto morto superior, é movida para cima do suporte situado em uma posição inicial superior, e, imediatamente antes do suporte ser atingido pelo impacto da unidade impulsora conectada com a parte superior de ferramenta, o suporte em conexão operativa com a unidade de suporte é movido para baixo, de tal modo que quando a parte superior de ferramenta atingir o suporte, este já será movido com aceleração prévia para uma primeira posição e, com isso, reduz-se a carga em forma de impacto, - pelo fato de que depois da parte superior de ferramenta atingir o suporte, será fechada a conexão operativa entre pelo menos um dos elementos dos tirantes de acionamento e a unidade de suporte do dispositivo de estirar, e estes serão movidos em conjunto até uma posição final inferior do suporte e da unidade impulsora com a parte superior de ferramenta até o seu ponto morto inferior e para uma segunda posição, sendo que, - facultativamente, a conexão operativa entre pelo menos um dos elementos dos tirantes de acionamento e a unidade de suporte do dispositivo de estirar é desfeita conjuntamente depois que a unidade impulsora tiver alcançado seu ponto morto inferior. [0076] The process is carried out in stages in such a way that: - the impeller unit, operated downwards from, or before, or after an upper dead center, is moved upwards from the support located in an upper starting position, and, just before the support is reached by the impact of the impeller unit connected with the part tool upper, the support in operative connection with the support unit is moved down, in such a way that when the upper tool part reaches the support, it will already be moved with a previous acceleration to a first position and, with this, it reduces the load in the form of an impact, - due to the fact that after the upper part of the tool reaches the support, the operating connection between at least one of the elements of the drive rods and the support unit of the drawing device will be closed, and they will be moved together to an end position bottom of the holder and the drive unit with the upper part of the tool to its bottom dead center and to a second position, - optionally, the operative connection between at least one of the elements of the drive rods and the support unit of the drawing device is broken together after the pusher unit has reached its bottom dead center.
[0077] [0077] In this case, in a way corresponding to the praxis, it is possible to operate the impeller unit either cyclically traversing the upper dead center, or in a single course before or after the upper dead center, and, namely, without having to reach the top dead center. In practice, the impeller unit operated before or after the upper dead center in the single stroke, which therefore does not cycle through the upper dead center, is also called pendulum operation.
[0078] - a unidade impulsora operada para cima é operada acoplada com a parte superior de ferramenta e a unidade de suporte do dispositivo de estirar depois da posição final inferior; - a conexão operativa do suporte é desfeita com o plano intermediário ou a face de pressão ou o plano intermediário e a face de pressão da unidade de suporte do dispositivo de estirar depois da posição final inferior do suporte; - a unidade impulsora com a parte superior de ferramenta e o plano intermediário ou a face de pressão ou o plano intermediário e a face de pressão são operados separadamente desde o suporte para a sua posição inicial superior; - a unidade impulsora com a parte superior de ferramenta é operada desacoplada do plano intermediário ou da face de pressão ou do plano intermediário e da face de pressão a partir de uma terceira posição imediatamente antes de ser alcançada a posição inicial superior do suporte. [0078] The other evolution of the process can then be carried out through one or more of the steps such as: - the upward driven drive unit is operated coupled with the upper tool part and the drawing device support unit after the lower end position; - the operative connection of the support is broken with the intermediate plane or the pressure face or the intermediate plane and the pressure face of the support unit of the stretching device after the lower end position of the support; - the impeller unit with the tool upper part and the intermediate plane or the pressure face or the intermediate plane and the pressure face are operated separately from the support to its upper initial position; - the impeller unit with the upper tool part is operated decoupled from the intermediate plane or from the pressure face or from the intermediate plane and from the pressure face from a third position just before the upper initial position of the holder is reached.
[0079] a) inicialmente, no caso da unidade impulsora situada em uma situação inicial segundo o ponto morto superior, e da face de pressão e suporte situados na posição inicial superior, uma haste de pistão é deslocada parcialmente para fora em um cilindro do primeiro meio gerador de força e o cilindro permanece numa posição intermediária; b) ao ocorrer o movimento inicial da unidade impulsora para baixo, para uma primeira roda de uma transmissão, que inclui uma segunda roda, de um acoplamento rotatório, segunda roda esta que apresenta um elemento de acoplamento excêntrico que atua por ajuste de forma, por fricção ou por força e que permite um movimento relativo em relação à segunda roda, ocorre um engate por meio de uma biela de tração articulada excentricamente à primeira roda e, nesse processo, o suporte permanece em sua posição inicial superior, sendo que no cilindro uma câmara inferior é impactada por um meio regulado ou controlado, de tal modo que o cilindro se desloca para fora correspondentemente ao movimento do par de rodas e, com isso, o suporte permanece na posição inicial superior; c) com o início da aceleração prévia do suporte para a primeira posição, pouco antes da unidade impulsora atingir o suporte, a corrente volumétrica do meio é reduzida para uma câmara inferior do cilindro e, com isso, é iniciado um movimento do suporte para baixo, independentemente de se, posteriormente, é conduzido ou não de modo correspondente um meio para a câmara superior; d) de modo que então, a unidade impulsora na primeira posição atinge o suporte, e na câmara inferior do cilindro é gerada uma pressão e, com isso, através da face de pressão, é encaminhada uma ação (força) do cilindro ao suporte, o qual se apoia na parte superior de ferramenta que se move para baixo; e e) com isso, a peça de trabalho a ser transformada é apertada e transformada, com economia de energia, por meio de um fluxo de força, começando no cilindro, continuando pela face de pressão, pelo suporte, pela parte superior de ferramenta, pela unidade impulsora, pelas barras de tração, pela biela de tração, pela primeira roda e pela segunda roda, sendo que o processo de moldagem ocorre até o ponto morto inferior no cilindro mediante controle/regulagem ativa da pressão, independentemente de se é conduzido posteriormente um volume de meio. [0079] Assuming at least one of the above developments, as a variant of an operational connection, the process was carried out in such a way that: a) initially, in the case of the impeller unit located in an initial situation according to the upper dead center, and of the pressure and support face located in the upper initial position, a piston rod is partially displaced outwards in a cylinder of the first generating means of force and the cylinder remains in an intermediate position; b) when the initial movement of the impeller unit downwards occurs, for a first wheel of a transmission, which includes a second wheel, of a rotating coupling, the second wheel has an eccentric coupling element that acts by adjusting the shape, by friction or force and which allows relative movement in relation to the second wheel, there is a coupling by means of a traction rod articulated eccentrically to the first wheel and, in this process, the support remains in its initial upper position, with the cylinder one lower chamber is impacted by a regulated or controlled means, in such a way that the cylinder moves outwards correspondingly to the movement of the pair of wheels and, thus, the support remains in the upper initial position; c) with the start of the previous acceleration of the support to the first position, just before the impeller unit reaches the support, the volumetric current of the medium is reduced to a lower chamber of the cylinder and, thus, a movement of the support downwards , regardless of whether, subsequently, a means is directed correspondingly to the upper chamber; d) so that, then, the impeller unit in the first position reaches the support, and in the lower chamber of the cylinder a pressure is generated and, with this, an action (force) of the cylinder is directed to the support, which rests on the upper part of the tool that moves downwards; and e) with this, the workpiece to be transformed is clamped and transformed, with energy saving, by means of a force flow, starting at the cylinder, continuing through the pressure face, the support, the upper part of the tool, the impeller unit, by the draw bars, the draw rod, the first wheel and the second wheel, and the molding process takes place until the bottom dead point in the cylinder through active pressure control / regulation, regardless of whether it is subsequently driven a volume of medium.
[0080] [0080] The process is influenced in terms of operationalization in such a way that the stroke of the driving unit, a stroke of the support and a stroke in the cylinder are controlled in a manner corresponding to the ratio hZyl ≥ H - h, according to an eccentricity in the second wheel above mentioned in connection with the eccentric coupling element, such that in the combination of the cylinder with the eccentric coupling element of the second wheel, the stroke of the cylinder that serves only for the formation of force becomes relatively small and that a length of a connection of the first force generating means between the pressure face and the eccentric coupling element can be kept substantially less than a length of the connecting rod.
[0081] [0081] Through this combination of the cylinder with a coupling by shape adjustment, by friction and / or by force in relation to the coupling element, it is possible to advantageously project the cylinder stroke substantially smaller and limit it to a few millimeters, as this The cylinder is then used merely to build forces, but it is not required for bridging a section.
[0082] [0082] To compensate for deviations that occur due to the operation or construction and uneven movements of the support unit, the intermediate plane of the pressure face or the support, a means directed to the movement of the driving unit is introduced in the first generating means force. Such deviations and uneven movements of the support unit can occur improperly due to elasticities or inaccuracies in finishing or are intended due to constructive advantages and, for example, to the eccentricity configuration. The marginal disadvantages that result from the energy point of view are absorbed by the predominant constructive advantages and by the lower investment costs.
[0083] [0083] The process also provides that immediately before the support reaches the upper starting position, the supply of the medium to the cylinder is controlled or regulated for the generation of relative movements in the first wheel by means of the eccentric coupling element, which acts by shape adjustment, by friction and / or force, or on the cylinder to a provisionally locally stable initial position of the support.
[0084] [0084] Alternatively, by means of an externally introduced force (spring or pneumatic cylinder), the support unit of the drawing device is moved to the upper starting position and just before the first position is reached by means of the coupling element, the operative connection is established.
[0085] [0085] With the beginning of the movement of the holder downwards, therefore depending on the force of execution of the process according to the invention, the workpiece is clamped between the holder and the upper part of the tool, it is moved, saving energy according to the objective, together with the drive unit to the lower dead center and, after that, it is moved back to the upper starting position.
[0086] [0086] Conveniently saving energy, a force introducing element, such as the first force generating means, supports, by means of a relatively small stroke, the downward movement of the support and the support unit and the coupling element.
[0087] - após a liberação do suporte da parte superior de ferramenta que ocorre no ponto morto inferior da unidade impulsora, o suporte permanece na posição final inferior; - então, a unidade impulsora é deslocada para cima, sendo que para a permanência da face de pressão, um meio conduzido posteriormente de modo correspondente da câmara inferior para a câmara superior pode fluir diretamente ou indiretamente para fora, sendo que - na primeira etapa acima, para a uma evolução otimizada do movimento, disponibiliza-se um pequeno volume ajustado do meio para a liberação do suporte; ao ocorrer uma elevação retardada, a peça de trabalho é solta da parte inferior de ferramenta e, então, a face de pressão com o suporte é deslocada para a posição inicial superior. [0087] The other evolution of the process can then occur according to the process in such a way that: - after releasing the upper tool holder that occurs at the lower dead point of the impeller unit, the holder remains in the lower end position; - then, the impeller unit is moved upwards, and for the permanence of the pressure face, a medium subsequently conducted correspondingly from the lower chamber to the upper chamber can flow directly or indirectly outwards, being that - in the first stage above, for an optimized evolution of the movement, a small adjusted volume of the medium is available for the release of the support; when a delayed lift occurs, the workpiece is released from the bottom of the tool, and then the pressure face with the holder is moved to the upper starting position.
[0088] - depois de uma posição inicial do plano intermediário ou da face de pressão ou plano intermediário e da face de pressão de cerca de 1/3 do curso da unidade impulsora e com a barra de tração movida para baixo, uma tira da barra de tração atinge um pistão de uma unidade de travamento conectada com o plano intermediário ou com a face de pressão ou com o plano intermediário e a face de pressão; um volume de um meio encerrado em um cilindro é deixado de lado de modo controlado; por meio de uma pressão que se forma nesse processo o plano intermediário ou a face de pressão ou o plano intermediário e a face de pressão são movidos para baixo e são previamente acelerados; o plano intermediário ou a face de pressão ou o plano intermediário e a face de pressão são retidos contra a aceleração da gravidade e contra a ação da unidade de travamento, por meio da ação do primeiro meio gerador de força; reduz-se o volume encerrado em uma câmara inferior de um cilindro do primeiro meio gerador de força; o pistão da unidade de travamento penetra no cilindro da unidade de travamento e prepara-se a conexão por ajuste de forma ou por fricção ou por força em relação à barra de tração e, então, por meio do cilindro estabelece-se a conexão em relação à barra de tração por ajuste de forma ou por fricção ou por força; - no procedimento para o ponto morto inferior da unidade impulsora, forma-se uma pressão em um cilindro de pelo menos um segundo meio gerador de força, à medida que um pistão do segundo meio gerador de força é impelido de modo regulado por pressão contra a direção de movimentação do plano intermediário ou da face de pressão ou do plano intermediário e da face de pressão; durante esse procedimento, um pistão do primeiro meio gerador de força é movido para baixo; o pistão do segundo meio gerador de força no ponto morto inferior é descarregado de pressão e, ao mesmo tempo, é desfeita a conexão operativa do suporte com o plano intermediário ou com a face de pressão ou com o plano intermediário e a face de pressão, depois da posição final inferior do suporte; e - no retorno para a posição inicial, a barra de tração é movida livremente desacoplada na unidade de travamento, de tal modo que o plano intermediário ou a face de pressão ou o plano intermediário e a face de pressão são retidos na posição inferior pela pressão proveniente de uma câmara superior do cilindro do primeiro meio gerador de força e, em seguida, são movidos para a posição inicial. [0088] The process is executed as a variant of an operative translation connection, which presupposes steps evidenced in general, in such a way that: - after an initial position of the intermediate plane or of the pressure face or intermediate plane and of the pressure face of about 1/3 of the stroke of the pusher unit and with the drawbar moved downwards, a strip of the drawbar reaches a piston of a locking unit connected with the intermediate plane or with the pressure face or with the intermediate plane and the pressure face; a volume of a medium enclosed in a cylinder is set aside in a controlled manner; by means of a pressure that forms in this process the intermediate plane or the pressure face or the intermediate plane and the pressure face are moved downwards and are previously accelerated; the intermediate plane or the pressure face or the intermediate plane and the pressure face are retained against the acceleration of gravity and against the action of the locking unit, through the action of the first force generating means; the volume enclosed in a lower chamber of a cylinder of the first force generating means is reduced; the piston of the locking unit penetrates the cylinder of the locking unit and the connection is prepared by adjusting the shape or by friction or by force in relation to the drawbar, and then, by means of the cylinder, the connection is established in relation to to the drawbar by adjusting shape or by friction or by force; - in the procedure for the lower dead center of the impeller unit, a pressure is formed in a cylinder of at least a second force generating means, as a piston of the second force generating means is propelled in a regulated way by pressure against the direction of movement of the intermediate plane or of the pressure face or of the intermediate plane and of the pressure face; during this procedure, a piston of the first force generating means is moved downwards; the piston of the second force generating means in the lower dead center is released from pressure and, at the same time, the operative connection of the support with the intermediate plane or with the pressure face or with the intermediate plane and the pressure face is broken, after the lower end position of the support; and - on the return to the initial position, the drawbar is moved freely uncoupled in the locking unit, in such a way that the intermediate plane or the pressure face or the intermediate plane and the pressure face are retained in the lower position by the pressure coming from from an upper chamber of the cylinder of the first force generating means and then they are moved to the starting position.
[0089] [0089] In the two process variants, the support unit, that is, the intermediate plane or the pressure face or the intermediate plane and the pressure face or only the pressure face are previously accelerated by a reduced value of the value of the speed of the driving unit, and the speed value can conveniently hold 80% of the speed of the driving unit.
[0090] [0090] The process is characterized by the fact that at least one base of a respective component of the support unit is applied a counter force necessary for the molding process, through a flow of force that saves energy, which it is established and closed without dissipation power from the first force generating medium, through its direct operative correlation by the components of the support unit, by the pull bars, by the impeller unit, by the upper part of the tool, by the workpiece and support.
[0091] [0091] With that, the union, known for the state of the art and disadvantage, of traction rods and the drive unit properly in the flow of forces, with acceptance of dissipation potentials and great constructive heights, can be avoided and can be created , surprisingly and according to the process, the free space required for the evolutions of the stretching device according to the invention, with energy saving.
[0092] [0092] With this process, it is possible to carry out, at the same time, a convenient removal of the workpiece from the bottom of the tool, the support is lifted through the first force-generating means or the second force-generating means or through by friction connection temporarily by adjusting shape or by friction and / or by virtue of the operative translation connection.
[0093] a) de forças de moldagem ou forças contrárias a serem transmitidas, b) uma das posições dos estágios de trabalho da moldagem, dos elementos de acionamento, das posições da unidade impulsora, do suporte, ou da unidade de suporte, c) uma velocidade para a mudança, de acordo com a invenção, da conexão operativa fechada para a conexão operativa desfeita ou inversamente, for feito o cálculo por computador. [0093] Finally, the process is carried out, as for an automatic evolution through the use of the control and regulation unit, when for the reception, evaluation and control / regulation of one or more of the values or parameters of at least one of the dimensions or gradients: a) molding forces or counter forces to be transmitted, b) one of the positions of the molding work stages, of the driving elements, of the positions of the drive unit, of the support, or of the support unit, c) a speed for changing, according to the invention, from the closed operating connection to the broken operating connection or inversely, the calculation is done by computer.
[0094] - uma unidade de acionamento disposta em uma subestrutura; - no mínimo uma unidade impulsora que executa um curso e que recebe uma parte superior de ferramenta, com pelo menos uma barra de tração de engate de um tirante de acionamento; e - no mínimo uma parte superior de ferramenta que mantém correspondência com uma parte inferior de ferramenta disposta na subestrutura; - no mínimo um motor para a unidade de acionamento e - uma unidade de tração, sendo que o curso da unidade impulsora é acoplável ou desacoplável e a unidade de tração é acionável em um circuito fechado de fluxo de força. [0094] For the execution of a process variant, a press with lower drive unit covers: - a drive unit arranged on a substructure; - at least one impeller unit that executes a stroke and that receives a tool upper part, with at least one coupling draw bar of an actuation rod; and - at least one upper part of the tool that corresponds to a lower part of the tool arranged on the substructure; - at least one motor for the drive unit, and - a traction unit, the impeller unit travel being attachable or detachable and the traction unit can be operated in a closed force flow circuit.
[0095] [0095] The press has a control and regulation unit that connects at least one drive rod and a motor. In the case of more than one drive rod, each drive rod is associated with its own motor. In the substructure, a free space in the form of a well is provided and at least one drive rod is connected with a drawing device.
[0096] [0096] In a press with lower drive unit, for the execution of the process with mandatory precision of a drawing device and a support, at least one drive rod is connected in a coupled or uncoupled way in relation to the drawing device with a rotational or translational operating connection that can be undone by changing the respective course.
[0097] [0097] The free space in the substructure, created due to the correlations analyzed at the beginning, fulfills a reciprocal action. On the one hand, it is presupposed for the characteristics according to the invention evidenced by the process and press variants, and, on the other hand, it can only be realized through these characteristics.
[0098] [0098] It appears, therefore, that this free space, hitherto not achievable by the state of the art described and criticized at the beginning, receives a surprisingly simple reality, although not evident, and assumes a key position for the configuration according to the invention, both of the process and of the press.
[0099] [0099] In another configuration of the press, the drawing device, which, according to the invention, has a support unit with an intermediate plane or a pressure face or the intermediate plane and the pressure face or just the face of pressure, is connected by means of the rotational or translational operating connection, with the actuation rods by shape adjustment or by friction and / or by force during the change, in a coupling and uncoupling way in relation to a variable position that acts in relation to the substructure.
[0100] [00100] Under corresponding conditions, this position can also be realized in a non-variable way.
[0101] [00101] In this press, it is essential to the invention that the path of the stretching device in relation to the path of the complete stroke of the driving unit is at least partly out of step, especially that it is shorter.
[0102] [00102] Above or below at least a first power generating means is provided, connected with the support unit and which admits the active position in relation to the subunit.
[0103] [00103] For a variant of structuring the press, it serves at least a second force generating means connected with the support unit.
[0104] [00104] The pressure face is disposed above or below the intermediate plane and can be activated separately or with one of the actuation rods, and it is also disposed above the intermediate plane in the substructure.
[0105] [00105] The operating connection has at least one cylinder of the first power generating means, whose piston rod is connected with the support unit configured as the pressure face and its piston bottom is connected with the drive unit or inversely, being that the double-acting cylinder is configured for changes in force / forces that produce the relative position of the pressure face in relation to at least one element of the drive rod, a position that is admitted through a pressure request by the rod piston or by the piston bottom.
[0106] [00106] In the rotating operative connection, the piston bottom is articulated eccentrically with a first wheel that generates a force and a drive unit path for at least one of the movements evolution, of a regulated or controlled procedure, of a previous acceleration of the pressure face, a pressure request or a generation of force.
[0107] [00107] The aforementioned piston bottom, through a second wheel in relation to the first wheel, these wheels that form a transmission of the rotating operative connection, is connected with the drive unit for at least one of the movement evolutions, of regulated procedure or controlled, a previous acceleration of the pressure face, a pressure request or a generation of force.
[0108] [00108] On the first wheel, a draw rod of the draw bar can conveniently be installed, which rod is eccentrically articulated.
[0109] [00109] The second wheel has an eccentric coupling element that acts by adjusting shapes, by friction and / or by force allowing relative movement in relation to the second wheel.
[0110] [00110] The stroke of the impeller unit, a second stroke of the support and a third stroke in the cylinder of the first means generating force, are projected in the rotating operating connection, corresponding to the relation of the third stroke in the cylinder ≥ stroke of the impeller minus the second support stroke, according to an eccentricity existing in the second wheel in connection with the eccentric coupling element, and in the combination of the cylinder with the eccentric coupling element of the second wheel, the course in the cylinder cylinder that is only used for the formation of force it can be designed relatively small, and a length of a connection of the first force generating means between the pressure face and the eccentric coupling element can be designed substantially less than a length of the traction rod.
[0111] [00111] In another variant of execution according to the invention and constructive, analogously to the process variant, by means of the operational connection of translation in relation to the support unit, which in this case comprises the intermediate plane or the pressure face or only the pressure face, a translational or uncoupling coupling is configured in relation to at least one of the draw bars or at least one auxiliary draw bar of the drive unit.
[0112] a) uma região limitada com uma tira e com um degrau, de um diâmetro reduzido da barra de tração ou de uma barra de tração auxiliar; b) pelo menos uma unidade de travamento, conectada com o plano intermediário ou com a face de pressão ou com o plano intermediário e com a face de pressão, unidade esta com um pistão, um cilindro servindo de caixa, compreendendo uma primeira câmara e uma segunda câmara, e um elemento de travamento; e c) uma câmara superior e uma câmara inferior do cilindro do primeiro meio gerador de força. [00112] This form of execution of the press features: a) a region limited with a strip and a step, of a reduced diameter of the drawbar or of an auxiliary drawbar; b) at least one locking unit, connected with the intermediate plane or with the pressure face or with the intermediate plane and with the pressure face, this unit with a piston, a cylinder serving as a box, comprising a first chamber and a second chamber, and a locking element; and c) an upper chamber and a lower chamber of the cylinder of the first force generating means.
[0113] [00113] The press pull bars for the drive unit are regularly connected with pull rods for the drive unit.
[0114] [00114] The first force generating means can be designed as a connecting rod, to connect the support unit with the drive unit, which acts eccentrically, for the different execution variants, which do not have a translation coupling in relation to the pull bars. This connecting rod, for a variant of execution, assumes the function of a telescopic stretching mechanism.
[0115] [00115] The function of the support unit is safely intermediated by a parallel and linear guide in the free space of the substructure.
[0116] [00116] The press can be realized with a rotating coupling of the drive rods of the drive unit in the free space or outside it.
[0117] [00117] The control / regulation related to the force or the path or alternating, which is necessary in the evolution of the operational process, is intermediated by the control and regulation unit.
[0118] [00118] The press designed according to the invention is characterized, as a whole, by a flow of force for an operational process that saves energy and for a compact construction of the press, a flow that is itself closed and that, through from the first force generating means, it evolves through the support unit, through the operative connection in relation to each drive rod, to the impeller unit, to the upper part of the tool, to the workpiece and to the support. Brief Description of Drawings
[0119] [00119] The drawings show:
[0120] [00120] Fig. 1: a graphic presentation of the principle of procedural evolution according to the invention in the function - new in relation to the state of the art - of the game between the driving unit and the stretching device;
[0121] [00121] Fig. 2: schematic display of a variant of construction of the press according to the invention, in front view;
[0122] [00122] Fig. 2.1: the schematic exposure of the force flow modified according to the invention, in comparison with the state of the art;
[0123] [00123] Fig. 3: a variant of construction of the press according to the invention, with a first embodiment of a translational coupling;
[0124] [00124] Fig. 4: a construction variant of the press according to the invention, with a second embodiment of a translational coupling;
[0125] [00125] Fig. 5: a construction variant of the press according to the invention, with a third embodiment of a translational coupling;
[0126] [00126] Fig. 6.1: a variant of construction of the press according to the invention, with a form of execution of a rotating coupling in the display of the "top dead center OT" of the impeller unit;
[0127] [00127] Fig. 6.2: a construction variant according to figure 6.1, in a phase of movement of the drive unit in relation to the "lower dead center UT" of the drive unit;
[0128] [00128] Fig. 7: a construction variant of the press according to the invention, with a first hybrid variant of rotational and translational coupling, using a connecting rod;
[0129] [00129] Fig. 7.1: a variant of press construction according to the invention, with a second hybrid variant of rotational and translational coupling, using a coupling rod. Paths to Execution of the Invention
[0130] [00130] Figure 1 shows, in a graphic display of coordinates of a path (m) and a crank angle (grd), a curve of the evolution of the driving unit and the principle of the evolution of the process according to the invention with prior acceleration (contrary to the evolution of the indicated process without prior acceleration of the state of the art) in connection with the new H-stroke function of an evolution of the driving unit with a h-stroke of a support 3. 3. 1 (figure 2, for example) of a stretching device 3. 3 (figure 2, for example).
[0131] - uma unidade impulsora 1.1 (figura 2, por exemplo) operada para baixo em um curso H desde ou antes ou depois de um ponto morto superior OT, sobre um suporte 3.3.1 (figura 2, por exemplo) que é móvel em uma posição inicial superior O ; - uma primeira posição A, para a qual é previamente acelerado o suporte 3.3.1 (figura 2, por exemplo) que é móvel para baixo em um curso h, a saber, imediatamente antes de ele ser atingido por um impacto que atua sobre ele, proveniente da unidade impulsora 1.1 (figura 2, por exemplo) que está conectada com uma parte superior de ferramenta 1.2 (figura 2, por exemplo); - uma conexão operativa em comum, fechada, em relação a um ponto morto inferior UT da unidade impulsora 1.1 (figura 2) e em relação a uma posição final inferior U do suporte 3.3.1(figura 2), bem como em relação a uma segunda posição B designada de "sujeição", entre pelo menos um dos elementos dos tirantes de acionamento 2. 1 (figura 2, por exemplo) e um plano intermediário 3.4 (figura 2, por exemplo) ou uma face de pressão 3.5 (figura 3, por exemplo), a saber, depois da parte superior de ferramenta 1.2 (figura 2) atingir o suporte 3.3.1 (figura 2); - uma conexão operativa separável, facultativamente chamada de "curso de separação", entre pelo menos um dos elementos dos tirantes de acionamento 2.1 (figura 2) e o dispositivo de estirar 3.3 (figura 2, por exemplo) com o plano intermediário 3.4 (figura 2) ou a face de pressão 3.5 (figura 3) ou o plano intermediário 3.4 (figura 2) e a face de pressão 3.5 (figura 3), depois que a unidade impulsora 1.1 (figura 2) tiver alcançado seu ponto morto inferior UT. [00131] By figure 1, from the trajectories of the curves it is possible to deduce: - a drive unit 1.1 (figure 2, for example) operated downward in a stroke H from or before or after an upper dead center OT, on a support 3.3.1 (figure 2, for example) that is movable in a position upper initial O; - a first position A, for which support 3.3.1 (figure 2, for example) is previously accelerated, which is movable downwards in a course h, namely, immediately before it is hit by an impact acting on it , coming from the impeller unit 1.1 (figure 2, for example) that is connected with an upper part of tool 1.2 (figure 2, for example); - a closed, common operating connection, in relation to a lower UT dead center of the drive unit 1.1 (figure 2) and in relation to a lower end position U of the support 3.3.1 (figure 2), as well as in relation to a second position B called "clamping", between at least one of the elements of the drive rods 2. 1 (figure 2, for example) and an intermediate plane 3.4 (figure 2, for example) or a pressure face 3.5 (figure 3 , for example), namely, after the upper part of tool 1.2 (figure 2) reaches support 3.3.1 (figure 2); - a separable operating connection, optionally called the "separation stroke", between at least one of the elements of the drive rods 2.1 (figure 2) and the stretching device 3.3 (figure 2, for example) with the intermediate plane 3.4 (figure 2) or the pressure face 3.5 (figure 3) or the intermediate plane 3.4 (figure 2) and the pressure face 3.5 (figure 3), after the drive unit 1.1 (figure 2) has reached its lower dead center UT.
[0132] - a unidade impulsora 1.1 operada para cima com a parte superior de ferramenta 1.2 e o plano intermediário 3.4 ou a face de pressão 3.5 ou o plano intermediário 3.4 e a face de pressão 3.5, pode ser operada acoplada depois de sua posição final inferior U; - a conexão operativa do suporte 3.3 com o plano intermediário 3.4 ou a face de pressão 3.5 ou o plano intermediário 3.4 e a face de pressão 3.5 pode ser desfeita após a posição final inferior U do suporte 3.3 e pode ocorrer uma assim chamada "subida retardada" pelo menos da face de pressão 3.5, por exemplo; - a unidade impulsora 1.1 com a parte superior de ferramenta 1.2 e o plano intermediário 3.4 ou a face de pressão 3.5 ou o plano intermediário 3.4 e a face de pressão 3.5 e o suporte 3.3 pode ser operada separadamente para uma posição inicial superior O; - a unidade impulsora 1.1 com a parte superior de ferramenta 1.2 pode ser operada desacoplada do plano intermediário 3.4 ou da face de pressão 3.5 ou do plano intermediário 3.4 e da face de pressão 3.5 a partir de uma terceira posição C imediatamente antes de se alcançar a posição inicial superior O do suporte 3.3. [00132] Furthermore, from figure 1, with references, for example, to figure 2 and figure 3, it can be deduced that: - the pusher unit 1.1 operated upwards with the upper part of the tool 1.2 and the intermediate plane 3.4 or the pressure face 3.5 or the intermediate plane 3.4 and the pressure face 3.5, can be operated coupled after its lower end position U; - the operative connection of the support 3.3 with the intermediate plane 3.4 or the pressure face 3.5 or the intermediate plane 3.4 and the pressure face 3.5 can be undone after the lower end position U of the support 3.3 and a so-called "delayed ascent" can occur "at least from the pressure face 3.5, for example; - the pusher unit 1.1 with the tool top 1.2 and the intermediate plane 3.4 or the pressure face 3.5 or the intermediate plane 3.4 and the pressure face 3.5 and the support 3.3 can be operated separately to an upper initial position O; - the impeller unit 1.1 with the tool top 1.2 can be operated decoupled from the intermediate plane 3.4 or from the pressure face 3.5 or from the intermediate plane 3.4 and from the pressure face 3.5 from a third position C just before reaching the upper initial position O of the support 3.3.
[0133] [00133] According to this graphic exhibition, the process can be carried out, as an example of principle, in the following way.
[0134] - uma unidade de acionamento 2 disposta em uma subestrutura 3 e conectada através de tirantes de acionamento 2.1; - no mínimo uma unidade impulsora 1.1 que executa o curso H e que recebe a parte superior de ferramenta 1.2, com pelo menos uma barra de tração 2.1.2 que engata, por exemplo, em sua respectiva extremidade externa, [00134] In a press 1, according to figures 2, 2.1, 3, 4, 5, 6.1,6.2, 7 and / or 7.1, which presents: - a drive unit 2 arranged on a substructure 3 and connected via drive rods 2.1; - at least one pusher unit 1.1 which executes the stroke H and which receives the upper part of the tool 1.2, with at least one drawbar 2.1.2 which engages, for example, at its respective external end,
[0135] [00135] and which, with at least one tool upper part 1.2 which corresponds with at least one lower tool part 3.2 arranged on the substructure 3, shapes a workpiece 5 by means of a stretching device 3.3 with a support 3.3 .1 for the workpiece 5 to be processed, the evolution of the movement of the stretching device 3.3 is operated coupled and uncoupled when changing the respective stroke H, maintaining a free space 3.3.2 in the substructure 3 and each drive rod 2.1 in relation to the stretching device 3.3 by means of an operative connection that can be undone.
[0136] [00136] In this case, for at least a stretch of the downward stroke H, the drive rod 2.1 is operated coupled in relation to the stretching device 3.3, as well as, for at least a stretch of the upward stroke H, the tension rod drive 2.1 is operated decoupled from the drawing device 3.3 and, in this process, the drawing device 3.3 is operated by not reproducing or not following the full stroke path of the drive unit. This means that the path of the stretching device 3.3 with the support 3.3.1 according to the stroke h is shorter than the path of the drive unit 1.1 with the stroke H.
[0137] [00137] During course H, the operative connection between at least one of the actuation elements of the drive rod 2.1 and at least one of the elements of at least one first medium 3.6 operated by means of power generation, which acts as a unit with the intermediate plane 3.4 or the pressure face 3.5 or the intermediate plane 3.4 and the pressure face 3.5 or just the pressure face 3.5 of the drawing device 3.3, it is closed and undone during the change by mechanical locking or by shape adjustment and the position of the support unit varies during the molding of the workpiece 5.
[0138] [00138] Depending on at least one of the values or gradients of molding forces to be transmitted and paths of one of the positions of the molding working stages of the elements of the drive rods 2.1, the positions of the drive unit 1.1, of the support 3.3 .1, of the support unit or of a speed, the operational connection is closed or undone, whose functions are mediated by the control and regulation unit 4.
[0139] a) a unidade impulsora 1.1 operada para baixo desde ou antes ou depois do ponto morto superior OT, para a qual se move o suporte 3.3.1 que se encontra em uma posição inicial superior O, e imediatamente antes de um impacto da unidade impulsora 1.2, conectada com a parte superior de ferramenta 1.2, atingir o suporte 3.3.1, o suporte 3.3.1 é movido para baixo em conexão operativa com a unidade de suporte, de tal modo que quando a parte superior de ferramenta 1.2 atingir o suporte 3.3.1, este já se move, sob aceleração prévia, até uma primeira posição A (figura 1) e, com isso, o esforço de carga em forma de impacto é reduzido e b) depois do impacto da parte superior de ferramenta 1.2 sobre o suporte 3.3.1, a conexão operativa entre pelo menos um dos elementos dos tirantes de acionamento 2.1 e o plano intermediário 3.4 ou a face de pressão 3.5 ou o plano intermediário 3.4 e a face de pressão 3.5 é fechada e esses elementos são movidos conjuntamente até uma posição final inferior U (fig. 1) do suporte 3.3.1 e da unidade impulsora 1.1 com a parte superior de ferramenta 1.2, até o seu ponto morto inferior UT (fig. 1) e para uma segunda posição B (fig. 1), sendo que c) facultativamente, a conexão operativa entre pelo menos um dos elementos dos tirantes de acionamento 2.1 e o dispositivo de estirar 3.3 com o plano intermediário 3.4 ou a face de pressão 3.5 ou o plano intermediário 3.4 e a face de pressão 3.5, é desfeita em seu conjunto depois que a unidade impulsora 1.1 tiver alcançado seu ponto morto inferior UT (figura 1). [00139] The evolution of the process is carried out in sequences of steps, in such a way that: a) the pusher unit 1.1 operated downwards from or before or after the top dead center OT, to which the support 3.3.1 which is in a top initial position O moves, and immediately before an impact of the pusher unit 1.2 , connected with the upper part of tool 1.2, reaches the support 3.3.1, the support 3.3.1 is moved downwards in operational connection with the support unit, such that when the upper part of tool 1.2 reaches the support 3.3 .1, it already moves, under previous acceleration, to a first position A (figure 1) and, with that, the load load in the form of impact is reduced and b) after the impact of the upper part of the tool 1.2 on the support 3.3.1, the operational connection between at least one of the elements of the drive rods 2.1 and the intermediate plane 3.4 or the pressure face 3.5 or the intermediate plane 3.4 and the pressure face 3.5 is closed and these elements are moved together to a lower end position U (fig. 1) of the bracket 3.3.1 and the drive unit 1.1 with the upper part of tool 1.2, to its lower dead center UT (fig . 1) and to a second position B (fig. 1), with c) optionally, the operational connection between at least one of the elements of the drive rods 2.1 and the drawing device 3.3 with the intermediate plane 3.4 or the pressure face 3.5 or the intermediate plane 3.4 and the pressure face 3.5, is broken in its assembly after the drive unit 1.1 has reached its lower dead center UT (figure 1).
[0140] - a unidade impulsora 1.1 operada para cima é operada de modo acoplado com a parte superior de ferramenta 1.2 e o plano intermediário 3.4 ou a face de pressão 3.5 ou o plano intermediário 3.4 e a face de pressão 3.5, depois de sua posição final inferior U; - a conexão operativa do suporte 3.3.1 com o plano intermediário 3.4 ou a face de pressão 3.5 ou o plano intermediário 3.4 e a face de pressão 3.5 é desfeita após a posição final inferior U do suporte 3.3.1; - a unidade impulsora 1.1, com a parte superior de ferramenta 1.2 e o plano intermediário 3.4 ou a face de pressão 3.5 ou o plano intermediário 3.4 e a face de pressão 3.5, e o suporte 3.3.1 são operados separadamente para as suas posições iniciais superiores O; - a unidade impulsora 1.1, com a parte superior de ferramenta 1.2, é operada de modo desacoplado do plano intermediário 3.4 ou da face de pressão 3.5 ou do plano intermediário 3.4 e a face de pressão 3.5, a partir de uma terceira posição C (figura 1), imediatamente antes de ser alcançada a posição inicial superior O do suporte 3.3.1. [00140] In this case, the process includes at least one of the following developments: - the pusher unit 1.1, which is operated upwards, is operated in conjunction with the tool top 1.2 and the intermediate plane 3.4 or the pressure face 3.5 or the intermediate plane 3.4 and the pressure face 3.5, after its lower end position U ; - the operational connection of the support 3.3.1 with the intermediate plane 3.4 or the pressure face 3.5 or the intermediate plane 3.4 and the pressure face 3.5 is broken after the lower end position U of the support 3.3.1; - the impeller unit 1.1, with the tool top 1.2 and the intermediate plane 3.4 or the pressure face 3.5 or the intermediate plane 3.4 and the pressure face 3.5, and the support 3.3.1 are operated separately for their initial positions superior O; - the impeller unit 1.1, with the upper part of the tool 1.2, is operated decoupled from the intermediate plane 3.4 or from the pressure face 3.5 or from the intermediate plane 3.4 and the pressure face 3.5, from a third position C (figure 1), immediately before reaching the upper initial position O of the support 3.3.1.
[0141] 1. inicialmente, com a unidade impulsora 1.1 situada em uma posição inicial segundo o ponto morto superior OT (figura 1) e com a face de pressão 3.5 situada na posição inicial superior O (figura 1) e com o suporte 3.3.1 em um cilindro 3.6.1 do primeiro meio gerador de força 3.6, uma haste de pistão 3.6.1.3 é deslocada parcialmente para fora e o cilindro fica numa posição intermediária; 2. com o início do movimento da unidade impulsora 1.1 para baixo, através da barra de tração 2.1.2, em uma transmissão que inclui uma primeira roda 2.3.1 e uma segunda roda 2.3.2, segunda roda esta 2.3.2 que apresenta um elemento de acoplamento 2.3.2.1 excêntrico que atua por ajuste de forma ou por força e que admite um movimento relativo em relação à segunda roda 2.3.2, ocorre um engate por meio de uma biela de tração 2.1.3 articulada excentricamente à primeira roda 2.3.1 e, nesse processo, o suporte 3.3.1 permanece em sua posição inicial superior O (figura 1), sendo que no cilindro 3.6.1 uma câmara inferior 3.6.1.2 é impactada com um meio regulado ou controlado, de tal modo que o cilindro 3.6.1 se desloque para fora de modo correspondente ao movimento do par de rodas 2.3.1 e 2.3.2 e, com isso, o suporte 3.3.1 permanece na posição inicial superior O (figura 1). 3. com o início da aceleração prévia do suporte 3.3.1 para a primeira posição A (figura 1), pouco antes da unidade impulsora 1.1 atingir o suporte 3.3.1, a corrente volumétrica do meio é reduzida para a câmara inferior 3.6.1.2 do cilindro 3.6 e, com isso, inicia-se um movimento do suporte 3.3.1 para baixo, independentemente de se, de modo correspondente, um meio será fornecido de novo ou não em uma câmara superior 3.6.1.1; 4. nesse caso, então, a unidade impulsora 1.1 na primeira posição A (figura 1) atinge o suporte 3.3.1 e na câmara inferior 3.6.1.2 do cilindro 3.6.1 é gerada uma força e, com isso, através da face de pressão 3.5, uma ação é encaminhada por meio da força do cilindro 3.6.1 para o suporte 3.3.1, o qual se apoia na parte superior de ferramenta 1.2 que está se movendo para baixo e, 5. com isso, a peça de trabalho 5 a ser moldada é apertada e moldada, com economia de energia, por meio de um fluxo de força fechado K, visível na figura 2.1 à direita da linha central, continuadamente através da face de pressão 3.5, do suporte 3.3.1, da parte superior de ferramenta 1.2, da unidade impulsora 1.1, das barras de tração 2.1.2, da biela de tração 2.1.3, bem como da primeira roda 2.3.1 e da segunda roda 2.3.2 - tal como exposto nas figuras 6.1 e 6.2 -, sendo que o processo de moldagem ocorre até o ponto morto inferior UT (figura 1) no cilindro 3.6.1, sob controle/regulagem ativa da pressão, independentemente de se o volume do meio é ou não reajustado. [00141] Preferably, the process is performed with a rotary operating connection of press 1, shown in figures 6.1 and 6.2. In this case, the steps of the process proceed in such a way that: 1. initially, with the impeller unit 1.1 located in an initial position according to the upper dead center OT (figure 1) and with the pressure face 3.5 located in the upper initial position O (figure 1) and with the support 3.3.1 in a cylinder 3.6.1 of the first force generating means 3.6, a piston rod 3.6.1.3 is partially displaced outward and the cylinder is in an intermediate position; 2. with the beginning of the movement of the drive unit 1.1 downwards, through the drawbar 2.1.2, in a transmission that includes a first wheel 2.3.1 and a second wheel 2.3.2, the second wheel this 2.3.2 that presents a 2.3.2.1 eccentric coupling element that acts by adjusting shape or force and that allows relative movement in relation to the second wheel 2.3.2, it engages by means of a 2.1.3 traction rod articulated eccentrically to the first wheel 2.3.1 and, in this process, the support 3.3.1 remains in its initial upper position O (figure 1), and in cylinder 3.6.1 a lower chamber 3.6.1.2 is impacted with a regulated or controlled medium, in such a way that cylinder 3.6.1 moves outwards corresponding to the movement of the pair of wheels 2.3.1 and 2.3.2 and, thus, the support 3.3.1 remains in the upper initial position O (figure 1). 3. with the start of the previous acceleration of the support 3.3.1 to the first position A (figure 1), just before the impeller unit 1.1 reaches the support 3.3.1, the volume flow of the medium is reduced to the lower chamber 3.6.1.2 from cylinder 3.6 and, thus, a downward movement of support 3.3.1 begins, regardless of whether, correspondingly, a medium will be supplied again or not in an upper chamber 3.6.1.1; 4. in this case, then, the impeller unit 1.1 in the first position A (figure 1) reaches the support 3.3.1 and in the lower chamber 3.6.1.2 of the cylinder 3.6.1 a force is generated and, with this, through the face of pressure 3.5, an action is directed through the force of cylinder 3.6.1 to support 3.3.1, which rests on the upper part of tool 1.2 that is moving down and, 5. with this, the workpiece 5 to be molded is clamped and molded, with energy saving, by means of a closed force flow K, visible in figure 2.1 to the right of the center line, continuously through the pressure face 3.5 , the support 3.3.1, the upper part of the tool 1.2, the drive unit 1.1, the drawbars 2.1.2, the connecting rod 2.1.3, as well as the first wheel 2.3.1 and the second wheel 2.3.2 - as shown in figures 6.1 and 6.2 -, with the molding process taking place until the bottom dead center UT (figure 1) in cylinder 3.6.1, under active pressure control / regulation, regardless of whether the volume of the medium is or not readjusted.
[0142] [00142] The closed force flow K according to the invention, shown in figure 2.1 to the right of the central line, shows especially the advantageous effect created with the invention, in relation to the force flow of the state of the art, which consumes a lot of energy and components, shown to the left of the center line, as analyzed at the beginning.
[0143] [00143] With this, the stretching device 3.3, with the complete stroke H of the impeller unit 1.1, is operated in a coupling or uncoupling way, being that the stroke H of the impeller unit 1.1 and the stretching device 3.3 are always operated in one closed flow of force.
[0144] [00144] Due to the process evolutions modified according to the invention and the constructive modifications of the press with lower drive unit, the stroke H (figure 1) of the impeller unit 1.1, the stroke h (figure 1) of the support 3.3.1 and a hZyl stroke (figures 6.1 and 6.2) on cylinder 3.6.1 are controlled in a manner corresponding to the hZyl ratio ≥ H - h according to an eccentricity E (figures 6.1 and 6.2), existing on the second wheel 2.3.2 in connection with the element eccentric coupling 2.3.2.1 that acts by shape adjustment, friction and / or force, and with E = H / 2. In the combination of cylinder 3.6.1 with eccentric coupling element 2.3.2.1 of the second wheel 2.3.2, the hZyl stroke of cylinder 3.6.1 which is used only for power generation becomes relatively small. A length l1 (figure 6.1 and figure 6.2) of a connection of the first force generating means 3.6 between the pressure face 3.5 and the eccentric coupling element 2.3.2.1 can therefore be advantageously maintained, substantially less than one length l2 (figure 6.1 and figure 6.2) of the connecting rod 2.1.3.
[0145] [00145] Also advantageously, to compensate for deviations that occur due to the operation or construction and uneven movements of the support unit, intermediate plane 3.4, pressure face 3.5 or support 3.3.1, it is possible to introduce in the first force generating means 3.6 a medium directed to the movement of the impeller unit 1.1.
[0146] [00146] Immediately before the support 3.3.1 reaches the upper initial position O (figure 1), the supply of the medium in the cylinder 3.6.1 is controlled and regulated for the generation of relative movements in the first wheel 2.3.1 by by means of the eccentric coupling element 2.3.2.1 or in the cylinder 3.6.1 to an initial upper position O, provisionally stable in place, of the support 3.3.1.
[0147] [00147] With the start of the movement of the holder 3.3.1 downwards, the workpiece 5 is clamped between the holder 3.3.1 and the upper part of the tool 1.2, and is moved, saving energy, together with the impeller unit 1.1 , to the lower dead center UT and, thereafter, back to the upper initial position O. In this case, the downward movement is reinforced through the first force generating means 3.6 with a relatively small stroke.
[0148] 1. depois de uma liberação do suporte 3.3.1 em relação à parte superior de ferramenta 1.2, que ocorre no ponto morto inferior UT da unidade impulsora 1.1, o suporte 3.3.1 permanece na posição final inferior U; 2. então, a unidade impulsora 1.1 é deslocada para cima, sendo que para a permanência da face de pressão 3.5, um médium reajustado pode correr para fora diretamente ou indiretamente da câmara inferior 3.6.1.2 para a câmara superior 3.6.1.1, sendo que 3. para a etapa (a), um volume ajustado do médium é disponibilizado para uma evolução otimizada do movimento e, depois da liberação do suporte 3.3.1, o volume do médium é aumentado em um tipo de operação da subida retardada, sendo levantada a face de pressão 3.5 para a posição inicial superior O. [00148] The process according to the rotating operating connection ends as: 1. after a release of the holder 3.3.1 in relation to the upper part of the tool 1.2, which occurs in the lower dead center UT of the drive unit 1.1, the holder 3.3.1 remains in the lower end position U; 2. then, the impeller unit 1.1 is moved upwards, and for the permanence of the pressure face 3.5, a readjusted medium can run out directly or indirectly from the lower chamber 3.6.1.2 to the upper chamber 3.6.1.1, being that 3. for step (a), an adjusted volume of the medium is made available for an optimized evolution of the movement and, after releasing the support 3.3.1, the volume of the medium is increased in a type of delayed ascent operation, being raised the pressure face 3.5 to the upper start position O.
[0149] a) após uma posição inicial, mostrada na fase I, do plano intermediário 3.4 de cerca de 1/3 do curso H (figura 1) da unidade impulsora 1.1 (figura 2) e com a barra de tração 2.1.2 movida para baixo, na fase II uma tira 2.1.2.1 da barra de tração 2.1.2 atinge um pistão 3.4.2 de uma unidade de travamento 3.4.1 conectada com o plano intermediário 3.4; um volume de um médium encerrado em cilindro 3.4.3 é escoado de modo controlado; por meio de uma pressão que aí se forma o plano intermediário 3.4 é movido para baixo e é acelerado previamente; o plano intermediário 3.4 é retido pela ação do primeiro meio gerador de força 3.6 contra a aceleração da gravidade e contra a ação da unidade de travamento 3.4.1; nesse processo, reduz-se o volume encerrado em uma câmara inferior 3.6.1.2 do cilindro 3.6.1 do primeiro meio gerador de força 3.6; o pistão 3.4.2 da unidade de travamento 3.4.1 penetra no cilindro 3.4.3 da unidade de travamento 3.4.1, e com isso a conexão com a barra de tração 2.1.2 é preparada e, então, estabelece-se a conexão com a barra de tração (2.1.2) por meio do cilindro 3.4.3; b) no procedimento em relação ao ponto morto inferior UT (figura 1) da unidade impulsora 1.1, uma pressão é formada em um cilindro 3.7.1 de um segundo meio gerador de força 3.7, à medida que um pistão 3.7.2 do segundo meio gerador de força 3.7 é impactado por pressão, de forma regulada, contra a direção de movimentação do plano intermediário 3.4, enquanto o processo do pistão 3.6.2 do primeiro meio gerador de força 3.6 é movido para baixo; o pistão 3.7.2 do segundo meio gerador de força 3.7 no ponto morto inferior UT é descarregado da pressão e, ao mesmo tempo, a conexão operativa do suporte 3.3.1 (figura 2) com o plano intermediário 3.4, após a posição final inferior U do suporte 3.3.1 (figura 2) é desfeita, e c) no retorno para a posição inicial, a barra de tração 2.1.2, segundo a fase III, é movida livremente na unidade de travamento 3.4.1, de tal modo que o plano intermediário 3.4 é retido na posição inferior U (figura 1) pela pressão proveniente da câmara superior 3.6.1.1 do cilindro 3.6.1 do primeiro meio gerador de força 3.6, e, depois disso, é movido para a posição inicial A. [00149] The special steps and the alternative way of implementing a translational connection are explained as follows, based on figure 3 with phases I, II, III according to a first construction variant: a) after an initial position, shown in phase I, of the intermediate plane 3.4 of about 1/3 of the H stroke (figure 1) of the drive unit 1.1 (figure 2) and with the drawbar 2.1.2 moved downwards, in phase II a strip 2.1.2.1 of the drawbar 2.1.2 reaches a piston 3.4.2 of a locking unit 3.4.1 connected with the intermediate plane 3.4; a volume of a medium enclosed in cylinder 3.4.3 is drained in a controlled manner; by means of a pressure that forms the intermediate plane 3.4, it is moved downwards and is previously accelerated; the intermediate plane 3.4 is retained by the action of the first force generating means 3.6 against the acceleration of gravity and against the action of the locking unit 3.4.1; in this process, the volume enclosed in a lower chamber 3.6.1.2 of the cylinder 3.6.1 of the first force generating means 3.6 is reduced; piston 3.4.2 of the locking unit 3.4.1 penetrates the cylinder 3.4.3 of the locking unit 3.4.1, and with that the connection with the drawbar 2.1.2 is prepared and then the connection is established with the drawbar (2.1.2) by means of cylinder 3.4.3; b) in the procedure in relation to the lower dead center UT (figure 1) of the impeller unit 1.1, a pressure is formed in a cylinder 3.7.1 of a second means generating force 3.7, as a piston 3.7.2 of the second means force generator 3.7 is impacted by pressure, in a regulated manner, against the direction of movement of the intermediate plane 3.4, while the piston process 3.6.2 of the first force generator means 3.6 is moved downwards; piston 3.7.2 of the second force generator means 3.7 in the lower dead center UT is released from pressure and, at the same time, the operational connection of the support 3.3.1 (figure 2) with the intermediate plane 3.4, after the lower end position U of support 3.3.1 (figure 2) is undone, and c) in the return to the initial position, the drawbar 2.1.2, according to phase III, is moved freely in the locking unit 3.4.1, in such a way that the intermediate plane 3.4 is retained in the lower position U (figure 1 ) by the pressure coming from the upper chamber 3.6.1.1 of the cylinder 3.6.1 of the first power generating means 3.6, and after that, it is moved to the initial position A.
[0150] [00150] An alternative solution can also be explained by figure 3, according to which, by means of a force introduced externally through a spring or a pneumatic cylinder, analogously to the action of the first force generating means 3.6, the support unit of the drawing device 3.3 (figure 2, for example), as well as the intermediate plane 3.4, is moved to the upper starting position and, just before the first position is reached by means of a coupling element, analogously to the locking unit 3.4 .1, it is possible to establish the operational connection.
[0151] [00151] In figure 4 there is shown a second variant of construction of the press 1 according to the invention, with an operative connection coupled in translation mode. Unlike the first construction variant, in this case an auxiliary drawbar 2.2 respectively allocated to a connecting rod 2.1.3.1 of the rotating coupling 2.3, the connecting rod 2.1.3 and the drawbar 2.1.2 assume the operating characteristics analogous to the intermediate plane 3.4 and the locking unit 3.4.1. In this case, due to the form of execution and the action of the 2.3 rotating coupling, only the first force generating means 3.6 is necessary.
[0152] [00152] A third construction variant of the press 1 according to the invention, with a translational coupling, is shown in figure 1, in which it is processed in a similar way to the first construction variant, although only the first generating means is needed force 3.6, with the function of the second force generating means 3.7, visible in figure 3, being exerted by the pressure impact of piston 3.4.2 in the locking unit that acts in the same way as in figure 3.
[0153] [00153] In general, the process is carried out conveniently in such a way that the support unit is previously accelerated by a reduced value of the speed of the drive unit 1.1, a value that preferably holds 80% of the speed of the drive unit 1.1.
[0154] [00154] On a base of the support unit, as well as the intermediate plane 3.4 and / or the pressure face 3.5, a counter force necessary for the molding process is applied, through the flow of force K which saves energy and which is visible in figure 2.1, force flow K which is produced and closed without dissipation power from the first force generating medium 3.6 through its direct effect relation by the components of the support unit, by the pull bars 2.1. 2, by the drive unit 1.1, by the upper part of the tool 1.2, by the workpiece 5 and by the bracket 3.3.1.
[0155] [00155] To remove workpiece 5 from the bottom of tool 3.2, the support 3.3.1 is lifted by means of the first force generator 3.6 or the second force generator 3.7 or by temporarily setting the operative connection by adjustment in shape, by friction and / or force.
[0156] - das forças de moldagem, forças contrárias ou uma velocidade a serem transmitidas ou - de uma das posições dos estágios de trabalho da moldagem, dos elementos da unidade de acionamento 2.1, das posições da unidade impulsora 1.1, do suporte 3.3.1 ou da unidade de suporte, [00156] With the control and regulation unit 4, related to figure 2, for the reception, evaluation and control / regulation, the values or parameters for at least one of the dimensions or gradients are evaluated: - the molding forces, counter forces or a speed to be transmitted, or - one of the positions of the molding work stages, of the elements of the drive unit 2.1, of the positions of the drive unit 1.1, of the bracket 3.3.1 or of the bracket unit,
[0157] [00157] for changing the closed operating connection to the broken operating connection or inversely.
[0158] [00158] A so-called hybrid variant of press 1 according to the invention, with rotational and translational coupling, using a connecting rod 2.1.3.1, is shown in figure 7, as there is provided for a telescopic stretching mechanism on the connecting rod 2.1.3.1 articulated to the connecting rod 2.1.3. The eccentric and rotary drive intermediated by the drive unit 2 (as well as also shown in figures 2, 2.1,4, 5, 6.1, 6.2) through the connecting rod 2.1.3 for the draw bars 2.1.2, is generated through the action of the telescopic stretching mechanism of a double-acting cylinder on the connecting rod 2.1.3.1 to form a suitable operational translation connection in relation to the components of the stretching device 3.3. In the sense of the design of the invention, the operative connection in changing the respective stroke H can also be operated, therefore, in a coupled or uncoupled manner. In this hybrid variant, the connecting rod 2.1.3.1 is shown schematically to the left of the center line, in the sense of a friction translation operative connection and to the right of the center line in the sense of a hydraulic and force translation operative connection.
[0159] [00159] Another hybrid variant of rotational and translational coupling, with the use of a 2.1.3.1 connecting rod, is shown symbolically by figure 7.1. In this case, analogously to figures 6.1 and 6.2, in the (almost second) wheel 2.3.2 the eccentric coupling element 2.3.2.1 is integrated, which is movable in relation to it, so that it is possible to operate in a coupled and / or uncoupled manner the operational connection when changing the respective H-stroke.
[0160] [00160] Press 1 is realized with a parallel and linear guide 3.5.1, shown schematically in figures 6.1.6.2, 7 and 7.1, for the support unit with intermediate plane 3.4 or pressure face 3.5 or intermediate plane 3.4 and face pressure or pressure face only, in the free space 3.3.2 of the substructure 3.
[0161] [00161] In general, the rotational coupling 2.3, shown in figure 4, of the drive rods 2.1 of the drive unit 2 is housed in the free space 3.3.2 or outside it, in which case a 2.1.1 motor can be used , not shown, with control and regulation unit 4, not shown, connected to it. Commercial Applicability
[0162] [00162] In accordance with the objective, a new process is created for the operation of a press with lower drive unit and a new press, with the substructure constituting a technologically useful functional zone - on the one hand, in technological stages of the stretching with a stretching device and drive kinematics that is energy efficient, as well as, on the other hand, in technological stages of cutting waste removal. Due to the fact that, thus, the press can be compactly realized as a large press and as a transfer press on transfer lines, with optimized energy efficiency data, and can be economically operated, so the process and the press, with their variants according to the invention presented above, they can realize economic and energetic advantages, especially in the case of press operators of this kind in comparison with the current ones. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS 1 press 1.1 drive unit 1.2 tool top 2 drive unit 2.1 drive rod 2.1.1 engine 2.1.2 drawbar 2.1.2.1 strip 2.1.2.2 step 2.1.3 traction rod 2.1.1.1 connecting rod 2.2 auxiliary drawbar 2.3 rotational coupling 2.3.1 first wheel 2.3.2 second wheel 2.3.2.1 eccentric coupling element 3 substructure 3.1 table 3.2 tool bottom 3.3 stretching device 3.3.1 support 3.3.2 free space 3.4 intermediate plan 3.4.1 locking unit 3.4.2 piston 3.4.3 cylinder (box) 3.4.3.1 first chamber 3.4.3.2 second chamber 3.4.4 locking element 3.5 pressure face 3.5.1 parallel and linear guide 3.6 first power generating means 3.6.1 cylinder 3.6.1.1 upper chamber 3.6.1.2 lower chamber 3.6.1.3 piston rod 3.6.1.4 piston bottom 3.6.2 piston 3.7 second power generating means 3.7.1 cylinder 3.7.2 piston 4 control and regulation unit 5 piece of work The first position B second position C third position And eccentricity H stroke of the drive unit 1.1 h course of support 3.3.1 hZyl cylinder stroke 3.6.1 K force flow The top dead center of the drive unit 1.1 UT bottom drive unit 1.1 dead center The top starting position of the bracket 3.3.1 U bottom end position of the bracket 3.3.1

权利要求:
Claims (53)
[0001]
Process for operating a press (1), in which a workpiece (5) is machined or formed, by means of - a drive unit (2) arranged on a substructure (3), - at least one pusher unit (1.1) which houses a tool upper part (1.2) and which runs a stroke (H), with at least one drawbar (2.1.2) coupling a drive rod (2.1) , - at least one upper tool part (1.2) corresponding to at least one lower tool part (3.2) arranged on the substructure (3), and - a stretching device (3.3) with a support (3.3.1), characterized by the fact that at least one drive rod (2.1) is operated in a coupled or uncoupled manner from the drawing device (3.3) by means of a rotational or translational loosening operative connection in alternation of the respective stroke (H).
[0002]
Process, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that at least one drive rod (2.1) is operated through a control and regulation unit (4) that connects at least one motor (2.1.1).
[0003]
Process, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that each drive rod (2.1) is operated by its own engine (2.1.1).
[0004]
Process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that at least one drive rod (2.1) is operated by maintaining a free space (3.3.2) in the form of a well that is provided for in the substructure (3).
[0005]
Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that at least one drive rod (2.1) operates the drawing device (3.3).
[0006]
Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that during at least one partial path of a downward stroke (H), the drive rod (2.1) is coupled to the drawing device (3.3) and , for at least a partial travel path upwards (H), the drive rod (2.1) is decoupled from the drawing device (3.3).
[0007]
Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the drawing device (3.3) is operated by not reproducing or not following a path of the complete stroke (H) of the impeller unit (1.1).
[0008]
Process according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by the fact that - the operational connection between at least one of the drive elements of the drive rod (2.1) and at least one of the elements of a drawing unit (3.3) acting as a support unit with an intermediate plane (3.4) or a pressure face ( 3.5) or an intermediate plane (3.4) and a pressure face (3.5) or just a pressure face (3.5) and operated by at least one first force generator means (3.6), is closed and undone alternatively by positive adjustment or frictional or due to force, and - a position of the support unit is varied during the deformation of the workpiece (5).
[0009]
Process, according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that - the operational connection between at least one of the drive elements of the drive rod (2.1) and at least one of the elements of a drawing unit (3.3) acting as a support unit with an intermediate plane (3.4) or a pressure face ( 3.5) or an intermediate plane (3.4) and a pressure face (3.5) or just a pressure face (3.5) and operated by at least one first means (3.6) force generator, is closed and undone alternately by positive adjustment or frictional or due to force, and - the position of the support unit in relation to the support (3.3.1) does not vary.
[0010]
Process according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by the fact that, depending on at least one of the values or gradients, - the molding forces to be transmitted, the speed or strokes, or - one of the positions of the molding work stages, the driving elements (2.1), the positions of the drive unit (1.1), the support (3.3.1), the support unit or a speed, the operating connection is closed or broken.
[0011]
Process according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized by the fact that a) the drive unit (1.1), operated downwards from or before or after an upper dead center (OT), is moved upwards from the support (3.3.1) located in an upper starting position (O), and immediately before of the support (3.3.1) is reached by the impact of the impeller unit (1.1) connected with the upper part of the tool (1.2), the support (3.3.1) in operative connection with the support unit is moved downwards, in such a way so that when the upper part of the tool (1.2) reaches the support (3.3.1), it is already moved with previous acceleration to a first position (A) and, with that, the impact load is reduced, and b) after the upper part of the tool (1.2) reaches the support (3.3.1), the operating connection between at least one of the elements of the drive rods (2.1) and the intermediate plane (3.4) or the pressure face is closed (3.5) or the intermediate plane (3.4) and the pressure face (3.5), and the mentioned elements are moved together to a lower end position (U) of the support (3.3.1) and the impeller unit (1.1) with the upper part of the tool (1.2) to its lower dead point (UT) and to a second position (B), c) optionally, the operative connection between at least one of the elements of the drive rods (2.1) and the drawing device (3.3) with the intermediate plane (3.4) or the pressure face (3.5) or the intermediate plane (3.4) and the pressure face (3.5) is undone after the impeller unit (1.1) has reached its bottom dead center (UT).
[0012]
Process according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized by at least one of the following evolutions a) the impeller unit (1.1) operated upwards is operated coupled with the tool top (1.2) and the intermediate plane (3.4) or the pressure face (3.5) or the intermediate plane (3.4) and the pressure face (3.5) after the lower end position (U); b) the operational connection of the support (3.3.1) is broken with the intermediate plane (3.4) or the pressure face (3.5) or the intermediate plane (3.4) and the pressure face (3.5) after the lower end position ( U) of the support (3.3.1); c) the impeller unit (1.1) with the tool top (1.2) and the intermediate plane (3.4) or the pressure face (3.5) or the intermediate plane (3.4) and the pressure face (3.5) and the support (3.3.1) are operated separately to their upper start position (O); d) the impeller unit (1.1) with the upper part of the tool (1.2) is operated decoupled from the intermediate plane (3.4) or from the pressure face (3.5) or from the intermediate plane (3.4) and from the pressure face (3.5) a from a third position (C) just before the upper starting position (O) of the support (3.3.1) is reached.
[0013]
Process according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized by the stages of evolution of a rotating operative connection, being that a) initially, in the case of the impeller unit (1.1) located in an initial situation according to the upper dead center (OT), and the pressure face (3.5) and support (3.3.1) located in the upper initial position (O), a piston rod (3.6.1.3) is partially displaced outwardly in a cylinder (3.6.1) of the first force generating means (3.6) and the cylinder (3.6.1) remains in an intermediate position; b) when the initial movement of the drive unit (1.1) downwards occurs, the drawbar (2.1.2) engages with a first wheel (2.3.1) of a transmission, which includes a second wheel (2.3.2), of a rotating coupling (2.3), by means of a traction rod (2.3.1) connected eccentrically to the first wheel (2.3.1), said second wheel (2.3.2) comprising an eccentric coupling element (2.3 .2.1) which acts by positive adjustment, by friction or by force and allows relative movement in relation to the second wheel (2.3.2), and the support (3.3.1) remains thus in its upper initial position (O), being whereas, in the cylinder (3.6.1), a lower chamber (3.6.1.2) is admitted by means regulated or controlled, in such a way that the cylinder (3.6.1) moves outwards corresponding to the movement of the pair of wheels ( 2.3.1, 2.3.2) and, with that, the support (3.3) remains in the upper starting position (O); c) with the start of the previous acceleration of the support (3.3.1) to the first position (A), just before the impeller unit (1.1) reaches the support (3.3.1), the volume flow of the medium is reduced to a chamber bottom (3.6.1.2) of the cylinder (3.6.1) and, thus, a downward movement of the support (3.3.1) is initiated, regardless of whether, subsequently, a means is directed towards the chamber or not. upper (3.6.1.1) of the cylinder (3.6.1); d) so that, then, the impeller unit (1.1) in the first position (A) reaches the support (3.3.1), and in the lower chamber (3.6.1.2) of the cylinder (3.6) a pressure is generated and, with that, , through the pressure face (3.5), an action is sent, for example a force, from the cylinder (3.6.1) to the support (3.3.1), which rests on the upper part of the tool (1.2) that moves down, and e) with this, the workpiece (5) to be molded is clamped and molded, with energy saving, by means of a closed force flow (K), starting at the cylinder (3.6.1), continuing on the face of pressure (3.5), by the support (3.3.1), by the upper part of the tool (1.2), by the impeller unit (1.1), by the draw bars (2.1.2), by the draw rod (2.1.3), by the first wheel (2.3.1) and the second wheel (2.3.2), and the molding process takes place until the bottom dead center (UT) in the cylinder (3.6.1) through active pressure control / regulation, regardless of whether a volume of the medium is subsequently conducted.
[0014]
Process according to claim 13, characterized by the fact that the stroke (H) of the drive unit (1.1), a stroke (h) of the support (3.3.1) and a stroke (hZyl) in the cylinder (3.6.1 ) are controlled according to the hZyl ≥ H - h ratio, according to an eccentricity (E) E = H / 2 on the second wheel (2.3.2) in connection with the eccentric coupling element (2.3.2.1) that acts with shape adjustment, by friction or force, such that in the combination of the cylinder (3.6.1) with the eccentric coupling element (2.3.2.1) of the second wheel (2.3.2), the stroke (hZyl) of the cylinder (3.6.1) which only serves for force formation becomes relatively small and that a length (l1) of a connection of the first force generating means (3.6) between the pressure face (3.5) and the coupling element eccentric (2.3.2.1) can be kept less than one length (l2) of the traction rod (2.1.3).
[0015]
Process according to any one of claims 8 to 14, characterized by the fact that for the compensation of deviations that occur due to the operation or construction and uneven movements of a support unit of the intermediate plane (3.4), of the face of pressure (3.5) or support (3.3.1), a means directed to the movement of the impeller unit (1.1) is introduced in the first force generating means (3.6).
[0016]
Process according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized by the fact that immediately before the support (3.3.1) reaches the upper starting position (O), the supply of the medium to the cylinder is controlled or regulated (3.6.1) for the generation of relative movements in the first wheel (2.3.1) by means of the eccentric coupling element (2.3.2.1) or in the cylinder (3.6.1) for a provisionally stable initial position (O) of the support (3.3.1).
[0017]
Method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized by the fact that by means of an externally introduced force, due to the spring or pneumatic cylinder, the support unit of the drawing device (3.3) is moved to the initial position upper (O) and just before the first position (A) is reached by means of the coupling element (2.3.2.1), the operative connection is established.
[0018]
Process according to any one of claims 11 to 17, characterized in that with the start of the movement of the support (3.3.1) downwards, the workpiece (5) is clamped between the support (3.3.1) and the upper tool part (1.2) is moved, saving energy, together with the impeller unit (1.1) to the lower dead center (UT) and, after that, it is moved back to the upper starting position (O).
[0019]
Process according to claim 13, characterized by the fact that a force introducing element, such as the first force generating means (3.6), supports, with a relatively small stroke, the downward movement of the support (3.3.1) and the support unit and the coupling element (2.3.2.1).
[0020]
Process according to any one of claims 13 to 19, characterized by the fact that a) after releasing the holder (3.3.1) from the upper tool part (1.2) that occurs in the lower dead center (UT) of the impeller unit (1.1), the holder (3.3.1) remains in the lower end position (U ); b) then, the impeller unit (1.1) is moved upwards, and for the permanence of the pressure face (3.5), a means subsequently conducted correspondingly from the lower chamber (3.6.1.2) to the upper chamber (3.6. 1.1) can flow directly or indirectly out, and c) for step a), for an optimized evolution of the movement, a small adjusted volume of the medium is available for the release of the support (3.3.1), when a delayed elevation occurs, the workpiece (5) is released from the bottom of the tool (3.2) and then the pressure face (3.5) with the support (3.3.1) is moved to the upper starting position (O).
[0021]
Process according to any one of claims 11 to 20, characterized by the stages of evolution of an operational translational connection, being that - after an initial position of the intermediate plane (3.4) or the pressure face (3.5) or intermediate plane (3.4) and the pressure face (3.5) of about 1/3 of the stroke (H) of the drive unit (1.1 ) and with the drawbar (2.1.2) moved downwards, a strip (2.1.2.1) of the drawbar (2.1.2) hits a piston (3.4.2) of a locking unit (3.4.1) connected with the intermediate plane (3.4) or with the pressure face (3.5) or with the intermediate plane (3.4) and the pressure face (3.5), a volume of a medium enclosed in a cylinder (3.4.3) is left from the side in a controlled way, by means of a pressure that in this process forms the intermediate plane (3.4) or the pressure face (3.5) or the intermediate plane (3.4) and the pressure face (3.5) are moved downwards and are previously accelerated, the intermediate plane (3.4) or the pressure face (3.5) or the intermediate plane (3.4) and the pressure face (3.5) are retained against the acceleration of gravity and against the action of the locking unit o (3.4.1) by means of the action of the first force generating means (3.6), the volume enclosed in a lower chamber (3.6.1.2) of a cylinder (3.6.1) of the first force generating means ( 3.6), the piston (3.4.2) of the locking unit (3.4.1) penetrates the cylinder (3.4.3) of the locking unit (3.4.1) and the connection is prepared by shape adjustment or by friction or by force in relation to the drawbar (2.1.2) and then through the cylinder (3.4.3) the connection in relation to the drawbar (2.1.2) is established by shape adjustment or by friction or by force; - in the procedure for the lower dead center (UT) of the impeller unit (1.1), a pressure is formed in a cylinder (3.7.1) of at least a second force generating means (3.7), as a piston ( 3.7.2) of the second force generating means (3.7) is propelled in a pressure regulated manner against the direction of movement of the intermediate plane (3.4) or of the pressure face (3.5) or of the intermediate plane (3.4) and of the face of pressure (3.5), during the procedure, a piston (3.6.2) of the first power generating means (3.6) is moved downwards, the piston (3.7.2) of the second power generating means (3.7) in the bottom dead center (UT) is released from pressure and, at the same time, the operational connection of the support (3.3.1) with the intermediate plane (3.4) or with the pressure face (3.5) or with the intermediate plane (3.4) is broken and the pressure face (3.5), after the lower end position (U) of the support (3.3.1), and - in the return to the initial position, the drawbar (2.1.2) is moved freely uncoupled in the locking unit (3.4.1), in such a way that the intermediate plane (3.4) or the pressure face (3.5), or the intermediate plane (3.4) and the pressure face (3.5) are held in the lower position (U) by the pressure coming from an upper chamber (3.6.1.1) of the cylinder (3.6.1) of the first force generating means (3.6) and then they are moved to the starting position (O).
[0022]
Process according to any one of claims 8 to 21, characterized in that the support unit is previously accelerated by a reduced value of the speed value of the impeller unit (1.1).
[0023]
Process according to any one of claims 8 to 22, characterized in that the value of the speed of the support unit comprises 80% of the speed of the driving unit (1.1).
[0024]
Process according to any one of claims 8 to 23, characterized by the fact that at least one base of the support unit (intermediate plane (3.4), pressure face (3.5)) is applied a counter force necessary for the process of molding, by means of a flow of force (K) that saves energy, which is established and closed without dissipation power from the first means generating force (3.6), through its direct operative correlation by the components of the unit of support (intermediate plane (3.4), pressure face (3.5)), through operative connection by shape adjustment or by friction or by force in relation to the drawbar (2.1.2), the impeller unit (1.1), the upper part of the tool (1.2), the workpiece (5) and the support (3.3.1).
[0025]
Method according to any one of claims 8 to 24, characterized by the fact that for removing the workpiece (5) from the bottom of the tool (3.2), the support (3.3.1) is lifted upwards through the first force-generating means (3.6) or the second force-generating means (3.7) or through an operative connection temporarily by shape adjustment or by friction or by force.
[0026]
Process according to any one of claims 2 to 20, characterized by the use of the control and regulation unit (4) for the reception, evaluation and control / regulation of at least one of the values or parameters for at least one of the dimensions or gradients - molding forces, counter forces or a speed to be transmitted, or - one of the positions of the molding work stages, the driving elements (2.1), the positions of the drive unit (1.1), the support (3.3.1) or the support unit, is evaluated for switching from closed to open connection or vice versa.
[0027]
Press (1) with lower drive unit for carrying out the process, as defined in claim 1, which comprises i. a drive unit (2) arranged on a substructure (3), ii. at least one pusher unit (1.1) which executes a stroke (H) and which receives a tool upper part (1.2), with at least one drawbar (2.1.2) engaging a drive rod (2.1), iii. at least one upper tool part (1.2) corresponding to a lower tool part (3.2) arranged on the substructure (3), and iv. a stretching device (3.3) with a support (3.3.1), characterized by the fact that v. at least one drive rod (2.1) is connected coupled or uncoupled to the drawing device (3.3) with a rotational or translational release connection alternating the respective stroke (H).
[0028]
Press (1) according to claim 27, characterized by a control and regulation unit (4) that connects at least one drive rod (2.1) and a motor (2.1.1).
[0029]
Press (1), according to claim 27 or 28, characterized by the fact that each drive rod (2.1) is associated with its own motor (2.1.1).
[0030]
Press (1) according to any one of claims 27 to 29, characterized by the fact that in the substructure (3) a free space (3.3.2) is provided in the form of a well.
[0031]
Press (1) according to any one of claims 27 to 30, characterized by the fact that at least one drive rod (2.1) is connected with a drawing device (3.3).
[0032]
Press (1) according to any one of claims 27 to 31, characterized by the fact that in at least one partial path of a downward stroke (H), the drive rod (2.1) is coupled to the drawing device ( 3.3) and in at least one partial travel path upwards (H), the drive rod (2.1) is decoupled from the drawing device (3.3).
[0033]
Press (1) according to any one of claims 27 to 31, characterized by the fact that the path of the drawing device (3.3) is shorter or at least partly out of step with the full stroke path (H) of the drive unit (1.1).
[0034]
Press (1) according to any one of claims 27 to 33, characterized by the fact that the drawing device (3.3) has a support unit which, by means of the rotational or translational connection, is connected with the tie rods actuation (2.1) by adjusting shape or by friction or by force during change, in a way that can be coupled or uncoupled in relation to a variable variable position or a non-variable position in relation to the substructure (3).
[0035]
Press (1) according to any one of claims 27 to 34, characterized by at least one first force generating means (3.6) which is connected with the support unit above or below and which allows its relative position in relation to the substructure (3).
[0036]
Press (1) according to any one of claims 27 to 35, characterized by at least a second force generating means (3.7) connected with the support unit.
[0037]
Press (1) according to any one of claims 27 to 36, characterized in that the support unit comprises an intermediate plane (3.4.1) or a pressure face (3.5) or an intermediate plane (3.4) and a pressure face (3.5) or just a pressure face (3.5).
[0038]
Press (1), according to claim 37, characterized by the fact that the pressure face (3.5) is arranged above or below the intermediate plane (3.4) and can be driven separately or with at least one of the drive rods ( 2.1).
[0039]
Press (1) according to claim 37 or 38, characterized by the fact that the pressure face (3.5) is arranged above the intermediate plane (3.4) in the substructure (3).
[0040]
Press (1) according to any one of claims 37 to 39, characterized by the fact that i. the operative connection has at least one cylinder (3.6.1) of the first force generating means (3.6), whose piston rod (3.6.1.3) is connected with the pressure face (3.5) and its piston bottom (3.6. 1.4) is connected to the drive unit (2) or vice versa, and ii. the double-acting cylinder (3.6.1) is configured for changes in force / forces that produce the relative position of the pressure face (3.5) in relation to at least one element of the drive rod (2.1), a position that admits a pressure request from the piston rod (3.6.1.3) or from the piston bottom (3.6.1.4).
[0041]
Press (1), according to claim 40, characterized by the fact that the piston bottom (3.6.1.4) is articulated eccentrically with a first wheel (2.3.1) that generates a force and a path of the drive unit ( 2) for at least one of the evolution of movement, of a regulated or controlled procedure, of a previous acceleration of the pressure face (3.5), of a pressure request or of a generation of force.
[0042]
Press (1), according to claim 41, characterized by the fact that the piston bottom (3.6.1.4), through a second wheel (2.3.2) in relation to the first wheel (2.3.1), these wheels that form a transmission of a rotating coupling (2.3), is connected with the drive unit (2) for at least one of the evolution of movement, of regulated or controlled procedure, of a previous acceleration of the pressure face (3.5), of a pressure request or a generation of force.
[0043]
Press (1) according to claim 41 or 42, characterized by a draw rod (2.1.3) of the draw rod (2.1.2), which rod is eccentrically articulated on a first wheel (2.3.1) .
[0044]
Press (1) according to claim 42 or 43, characterized in that the second wheel (2.3.2) has an eccentric coupling element (2.3.2.1) which acts by adjusting the shape, by friction or by force allowing relative movement in relation to the second wheel (2.3.2).
[0045]
Press (1) according to claim 44, characterized by the fact that the stroke (H) of the impeller unit (1.1), a stroke (h) of the support (3.3.1) and a stroke (hZyl) in the cylinder ( 3.6.1) can be designed correspondingly to the ratio hZyl ≥ H - h according to an eccentricity (E) E = H / 2, existing on the second wheel (2.3.2) in connection with the eccentric coupling element (2.3.2.1), and in the combination of the cylinder (3.6.1) with the eccentric coupling element (2.3.2.1) of the second wheel (2.3.2), the stroke (hZyl) of the cylinder (3.6.1) that serves only for the formation of force can be projected relatively small and a length (l1) of a connection of the first force generating means (3.6) between the pressure face (3.5) and the eccentric coupling element (2.3.2.1) can be projected less than one length (l2) of the traction rod (2.1.3).
[0046]
Press (1) according to any one of claims 37 to 40, characterized by the operative connection of the intermediate plane (3.4) or the pressure face (3.5) or the intermediate plane (3.4) and the pressure face (3.5), by means of a translation coupling to at least one of the drawbars (2.1.2) or to at least one auxiliary drawbars (2.2) of the drive unit (2).
[0047]
Press (1) according to claim 46, characterized by a) a region limited with a strip (2.1.2.1) and a step (2.1.2.2), a reduced diameter of the drawbar (2.1.2) or an auxiliary drawbar (2.2), b) at least one locking unit (3.4.1), connected with the intermediate plane (3.4) or with the pressure face (3.5) or with the intermediate plane (3.4) and with the pressure face, this unit has a piston (3.4.2), a cylinder (3.4.3) serving as a housing, comprising a first chamber (3.4.3.1) and a second chamber (3.4.3.2), and a locking element (3.4.4), and c) an upper chamber (3.6.1) and a lower chamber (3.6.2) of the cylinder (3.6.1) of the first force generating means (3.6).
[0048]
Press (1) according to any one of claims 34 to 47, characterized by at least one connecting rod (2.1.3.1), which can also be designed as the first force generating means (3.6), which connects the support unit with the drive unit (2).
[0049]
Press (1) according to claim 48, characterized by a telescopic extraction mechanism of the connecting rod (2.1.3.1), a mechanism that can be coupled by shape adjustment, friction or force.
[0050]
Press (1) according to any one of claims 37 to 49, characterized by a parallel and linear guide (3.5.1) of the support unit with intermediate plane (3.4) or pressure face (3.5) or intermediate plane (3.4 ) and pressure face or only with pressure face in the free space (3.3.2) of the substructure (3).
[0051]
Press (1) according to any one of claims 30 to 50, characterized by a rotational coupling (2.3) of the drive rods (2.1) of the drive unit (2) in the free space (3.3.2) or outside it .
[0052]
Press (1) according to any one of claims 37 to 51, characterized by a control and regulation unit (4) that intermediate at least one control / regulation related to the force or the path or alternately during the operational process.
[0053]
Press (1) according to any one of claims 37 to 52, characterized by a flow of force (K) for an operational process that saves energy, which flow is itself closed and which, through the first means generating the force (3.6), evolves by the intermediate plane (3.4) or by the pressure face (3.5) or by the intermediate plane (3.4) and by the pressure face (3.5), by the operative connection in relation to each drive rod (2.1), to the drive unit (1.1), the upper part of the tool (1.2), the workpiece (5), the support (3.3.1).

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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US10000032B2|2018-06-19|

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CN103476517B|2016-11-09|

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EP2697005B1|2017-03-22|

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MX2013011897A|2013-10-30|

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CA2836339C|2018-11-20|

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ES2626421T3|2017-07-25|

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BR122015007915A2|2019-08-20|

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CA2836339A1|2012-10-18|

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DE102011016669B4|2016-03-24|

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DE102011016669A1|2012-10-18|

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WO2012139566A2|2012-10-18|

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BR112013026246A2|2018-04-03|

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WO2012139566A3|2012-12-20|

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US20140137755A1|2014-05-22|

---

EP2697005A2|2014-02-19|

---

MX348490B|2017-06-15|

---

CN103476517A|2013-12-25|

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法律状态:
2018-12-18| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2019-12-31| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

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2020-11-17| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-02-23| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|

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2021-04-06| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 10/04/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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DE102011016669.6|2011-04-12|

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DE102011016669.6A|DE102011016669B4|2011-04-12|2011-04-12|Method for operating a press with sub-drive and then operated press|

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PCT/DE2012/100097|WO2012139566A2|2011-04-12|2012-04-10|Method for operating a press with an underneath drive and press operated according thereto|BR122015007915-2A| BR122015007915B1|2011-04-12|2012-04-10|PROCESS FOR OPERATING A PRESS AND PRESS WITH LOWER DRIVE UNIT|